The protective effect of carnosic acid on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis based on metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis

Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Carnosic acid(CA)is a major antioxidant component of rosemary and sage.Herein,we investigated the protective effects of dietary CA on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model with an emphasis on its impact on the composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota.We found that CA effectively attenuated DSS-stimulated colitis in mice,as evidenced by reduced disease activity index(DAI),and systemic and colonic inflammation.Additionally,CA restored microbial diversity and improved the composition of gut microbiota in DSS-treated mice.Moreover,Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the fecal metabolites and the gut microbiota species.Changes in gut microbiota and the correlated metabolites might partially explain CA’s anti-inflammatory effects against colitis.Future clinical trials are needed to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of CA on IBD in humans.

Ultra-fast and linear polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on ReSe_(2)/MoS_(2) van der Waals heterostructures

Recently,van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)constructed by transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have come under the research spotlight owing to their excellent capabilities,multiple functionalities,and innovative architecture for advanced optoelectronic devices.Herein,novel heterojunction photodetectors composed of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)and few-layer rhenium selenide(ReSe_(2))are explored for ultra-fast and polarization detection.Owing to the enhanced light-matter interactions and type-II band alignment of the ReSe_(2)/MoS_(2) heterostructure,the photodetector exhibits impressive performances at 638 nm in terms of a high on/off ratio~104,large photoresponsivity~3.52 A/W,high specific detectivity~1011 Jones,and large 3 dB frequency of 65.7 kHz.In addition,ultrafast rise/decay times(5.0/9.1 ms)are obtained under pulsed incident light contributed to the built-in electric field at the heterointerface,demonstrating a result one or two orders of magnitude faster than the currently reported values of group VII-TMDCs based photodetectors.Beyond the conventional photodetection,this photodetector also displays polarization detection capability with sensitivity 1.35.Such Re-based vdWHs provide superior platforms for the realization of ultra-fast and polarization-sensitive photodetection in broadband spectrum.