<b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of right supine endotracheal intubation on respiratory complications and airway pressure of general anesthesia, and to provide guid...<b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of right supine endotracheal intubation on respiratory complications and airway pressure of general anesthesia, and to provide guidance for clinical application. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-two children who received oral treatment under general anesthesia from November 2020 to November 2021 in Yantai Stomatological Hospital were randomly divided into three groups, 24 cases in each group. All three groups of children entered the PACU after the surgery. The children in Group I were extubated in the supine position, the children in Group II were immediately changed to the right decubitus after extubation in the horizontal position, and the children in Group III were extubated in the right decubitus. HR, MAP and SpO<sub>2</sub> of T1 (the time point at the beginning of surgery), T2 (the time point at 1 hour after surgery), T3 (the time point after extubation), T4 (the time point at 1 minute after extubation), T5 (the time point at 3 minutes after extubation) in the three groups were observed, t1 (operation time) and t2 (the time of leaving the PACU) were recorded. The airway pressure (P1) in the recumbent position and the airway pressure (P2) in the right decubitus position before extubation were recorded in Group III. The number of sputum suction and complications after extubation were counted. <b>Results:</b> The t2 in Group III was shorter than that in Groups I and II, and the number of sputum suction in Group III was less than that in Groups I and II (P < 0.05). The HR at T3, T4 and T5 in Group III was lower than that in Group I, and the HR at T4 and T5 was lower than that in Group II (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence of respiratory complications among the three groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of asphyxia, bucking and glossocoma postoperative agitation in Group III was significantly lower than that in Group I, and the incidence of asphyxia and choking was lower than that in Group II (P < 0.05). The incidence of glossoptosis in Group II was significantly lower than that in Group I (P < 0.05). In Group III, the airway pressure P2 in the right decubitus position during endotracheal intubation was higher than that of P1 in the supine position during endotracheal intubation (P < 0.05). The 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of airway pressure difference was 1.416 - 1.834 cmH<sub>2</sub>O. <b>Conclusion:</b> For children undergoing intraoral therapy under general anesthesia, tracheal extubation in the right decubitus position can improve the circulation fluctuation before and after extubation, reducing the number of sputum suction and respiratory tract-related complications, and can shorten the departure time. The body position change during the tracheal intubation will slightly increase the airway pressure, but the supine position after extubation can better ensure the smooth spontaneous breathing of children, which can provide the reference for clinical application.展开更多
At first,NaY zeolite was modified to HY zeolite by ion exchange method,and then compound salt ion liquids were immobilized onto HY zeolite to prepare two immobilized ionic liquid catalysts HY-[HeMIM]Cl/(ZnBr_(2))_(2) ...At first,NaY zeolite was modified to HY zeolite by ion exchange method,and then compound salt ion liquids were immobilized onto HY zeolite to prepare two immobilized ionic liquid catalysts HY-[HeMIM]Cl/(ZnBr_(2))_(2) and HY-[BMIM]Br/(ZnBr_(2))_(2).The synthesized immobilized ionic liquid catalysts were tested by FT-IR,XRD,TG and BET respectively.The results show that the prepared immobilized ionic liquids are the target product,have good thermal stability,and meet the requirements of catalysis.After immobilization,the intensity of crystallization peak is reduced,and the specific surface area becomes smaller.Conversion rate,selectivity and yield are as evaluation indicators to study the catalytic performance of immobilized ionic liquid catalysts for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide.Experimental results show that compound salt ion liquids were successfully immobilized on HY zeolite.Under the conditions of a temperature of 120℃,a pressure of 2.0 MPa,and a catalyst dosage of 2.0%,the catalytic effect of HY-[HeMIM]Cl/(ZnBr_(2))_(2) is better than HY-[BMIM]Br/(ZnBr_(2))_(2),and the conversion rate,selectivity and yield are 92.34%,98.87%and 91.30%.展开更多
Integrating photoacoustic(PA)and ultrasound(US)into a handheld probe to perform P A/US dual-modal imaging has been widely studied over the past few years.However,optical fuence decreases quickly in deeper tissue due t...Integrating photoacoustic(PA)and ultrasound(US)into a handheld probe to perform P A/US dual-modal imaging has been widely studied over the past few years.However,optical fuence decreases quickly in deeper tissue due to light scattering and absorption,which would signifi-cantly affect the quantitative PA imaging.In this paper,we performed a fluence compensation for a PA imaging study of human breast.The comparison of P A/US image with and without optical fuence compensation demonstrated that the fuence compensation could effectively improve imaging quality for handheld probe.展开更多
Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)with a handheld linear ultrasound(US) probe is widely used owing to its convenient and inherent dual modality capability.However,the limited length of the linear probe makes PAI suffer from t...Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)with a handheld linear ultrasound(US) probe is widely used owing to its convenient and inherent dual modality capability.However,the limited length of the linear probe makes PAI suffer from the limited view.In this study,we present a simple method to substantially increase the view angle aided by two US reflectors.Both phantom and in vivo animal study results have demonstrated that the imaging quality can be greatly improved with the reflector without sacrificing the imaging speed.展开更多
Photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)is a rapidly developing biomedical imaging modality and has attracted substantial attention in recent years.Image reconstruction from photoacoustic projections plays a critical r...Photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)is a rapidly developing biomedical imaging modality and has attracted substantial attention in recent years.Image reconstruction from photoacoustic projections plays a critical role in image formation in PACT.Here we review six major classes of image reconstruction approaches developed in the past three decades,including delay and sum,filtered back projection,series expansion,time reversal,iterative reconstruction,and deep-learning-based reconstruction.The principal ideas and implementations of the algorithms are summarized,and their reconstruction performances under different imaging scenarios are compared.Major challenges,future directions,and perspectives for the development of image reconstruction algorithms in PACT are also discussed.This review provides a self-contained reference guide for beginners and specialists in the photoacoustic community,to facilitate the development and application of novel photoacoustic image reconstruction algorithms.展开更多
By binding molecular probes that target tumor cells, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with superior characteristics have shown great potential in tumor molecular imaging studies. The non-invasive, high-resolution, and thr...By binding molecular probes that target tumor cells, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with superior characteristics have shown great potential in tumor molecular imaging studies. The non-invasive, high-resolution, and three-dimensional imaging of the targeted AuNPs within the tumor is desirable for both diagnosis and therapy. In this study, gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) are presented as a novel contrast agent for photoacoustic tomography (PAT). By binding to folic acid, the molecular probe, the tail-vein injected AuNFs concentrated within the tumor site in mice; this was clearly visualized by three-dimensional (3D) PAT imaging. In addition, toxicity assay proved that AuNFs were harmless to living cells and animals. Our results demonstrate that AuNFs have great potential in tumor molecular imaging.展开更多
Optical whispering-gallery microresonators have attracted considerable interest for ultrasensitive ultrasound detection and photoacoustic imaging because of the combination of high quality factors and small cavity siz...Optical whispering-gallery microresonators have attracted considerable interest for ultrasensitive ultrasound detection and photoacoustic imaging because of the combination of high quality factors and small cavity sizes.In the last decade,ultrasonic sensors with on-chip microcavities have been extensively developed;however,they are unsuitable for the near-field photoacoustic microscopy of micro/nanoscale objects in complex biological environments and endoscopic imaging.In this work,we developed ultrasonic sensors using two types of encapsulated microsphere resonators with different cavity materials.A noise equivalent pressure of as low as 160 Pa at 20 MHz was achieved with the acoustic response up to 70 MHz at-6 d B.Furthermore,the microsensor was used for photoacoustic microscopy in which we successfully performed 3 D imaging of hairs and leaf veins.The microsphere ultrasonic sensor has considerable potential as a probe-type ultrasonic detector for near-field photoacoustic microscopy of micro/nanoscale objects such as subcellular structures and high-resolution endoscopic photoacoustic imaging with its high sensitivity and wide bandwidth.展开更多
Optical ultrasonic probes,exemplified by Fabry–Perot cavities on optical fibers,have small sizes,high sensitivity,and pure optical characteristics,making them highly attractive in high-resolution ultrasonic/photoacou...Optical ultrasonic probes,exemplified by Fabry–Perot cavities on optical fibers,have small sizes,high sensitivity,and pure optical characteristics,making them highly attractive in high-resolution ultrasonic/photoacoustic imaging,especially in near-field or endoscopic scenarios.Taking a different approach,we demonstrate an ultrasensitive and broadband ultrasound microprobe formed by an optical whispering-gallery-mode polymer microcavity coupled to a U-shaped microfiber.With the h/√igh-quality(Q)factors(>10^(6)),the noise equivalent pressure of the ultrasound microprobe reaches 1.07 m Pa∕Hz with a record broadband response of 150 MHz and a large detection angle of 180°.Our results show that this optical microprobe can overcome the strong decay resulting from ultrasound diverging and medium absorption through short working distances.We further demonstrate high-quality in vivo whole-body photoacoustic imaging of a zebrafish larva.Our implementation provides a new strategy for developing miniature ultrasound detectors and holds great potential for broad applications.展开更多
Photoacoustic(PA) tomography(PAT) breaks the barrier for high-resolution optical imaging in a strong lightscattering medium, having a great potential for both clinical implementation and small animal studies. However,...Photoacoustic(PA) tomography(PAT) breaks the barrier for high-resolution optical imaging in a strong lightscattering medium, having a great potential for both clinical implementation and small animal studies. However,many organs and tissues lack enough PA contrast or even hinder the propagation of PA waves. Therefore, it is challenging to interpret pure PAT images, especially three-dimensional(3 D) PA images for deep tissues, without enough structural information. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we integrated PAT with X-ray computed tomography(CT) in a standalone system. PAT provides optical contrast and CT gives anatomical information. We performed agar, tissue phantom, and animal studies, and the results demonstrated that PAT/CT imaging systems can provide accurate spatial registration of important complementary contrasts.展开更多
文摘<b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of right supine endotracheal intubation on respiratory complications and airway pressure of general anesthesia, and to provide guidance for clinical application. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-two children who received oral treatment under general anesthesia from November 2020 to November 2021 in Yantai Stomatological Hospital were randomly divided into three groups, 24 cases in each group. All three groups of children entered the PACU after the surgery. The children in Group I were extubated in the supine position, the children in Group II were immediately changed to the right decubitus after extubation in the horizontal position, and the children in Group III were extubated in the right decubitus. HR, MAP and SpO<sub>2</sub> of T1 (the time point at the beginning of surgery), T2 (the time point at 1 hour after surgery), T3 (the time point after extubation), T4 (the time point at 1 minute after extubation), T5 (the time point at 3 minutes after extubation) in the three groups were observed, t1 (operation time) and t2 (the time of leaving the PACU) were recorded. The airway pressure (P1) in the recumbent position and the airway pressure (P2) in the right decubitus position before extubation were recorded in Group III. The number of sputum suction and complications after extubation were counted. <b>Results:</b> The t2 in Group III was shorter than that in Groups I and II, and the number of sputum suction in Group III was less than that in Groups I and II (P < 0.05). The HR at T3, T4 and T5 in Group III was lower than that in Group I, and the HR at T4 and T5 was lower than that in Group II (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence of respiratory complications among the three groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of asphyxia, bucking and glossocoma postoperative agitation in Group III was significantly lower than that in Group I, and the incidence of asphyxia and choking was lower than that in Group II (P < 0.05). The incidence of glossoptosis in Group II was significantly lower than that in Group I (P < 0.05). In Group III, the airway pressure P2 in the right decubitus position during endotracheal intubation was higher than that of P1 in the supine position during endotracheal intubation (P < 0.05). The 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of airway pressure difference was 1.416 - 1.834 cmH<sub>2</sub>O. <b>Conclusion:</b> For children undergoing intraoral therapy under general anesthesia, tracheal extubation in the right decubitus position can improve the circulation fluctuation before and after extubation, reducing the number of sputum suction and respiratory tract-related complications, and can shorten the departure time. The body position change during the tracheal intubation will slightly increase the airway pressure, but the supine position after extubation can better ensure the smooth spontaneous breathing of children, which can provide the reference for clinical application.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province(LQGD2020005)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Planning Project for University Students in Liaoning Province(S202110142033).
文摘At first,NaY zeolite was modified to HY zeolite by ion exchange method,and then compound salt ion liquids were immobilized onto HY zeolite to prepare two immobilized ionic liquid catalysts HY-[HeMIM]Cl/(ZnBr_(2))_(2) and HY-[BMIM]Br/(ZnBr_(2))_(2).The synthesized immobilized ionic liquid catalysts were tested by FT-IR,XRD,TG and BET respectively.The results show that the prepared immobilized ionic liquids are the target product,have good thermal stability,and meet the requirements of catalysis.After immobilization,the intensity of crystallization peak is reduced,and the specific surface area becomes smaller.Conversion rate,selectivity and yield are as evaluation indicators to study the catalytic performance of immobilized ionic liquid catalysts for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide.Experimental results show that compound salt ion liquids were successfully immobilized on HY zeolite.Under the conditions of a temperature of 120℃,a pressure of 2.0 MPa,and a catalyst dosage of 2.0%,the catalytic effect of HY-[HeMIM]Cl/(ZnBr_(2))_(2) is better than HY-[BMIM]Br/(ZnBr_(2))_(2),and the conversion rate,selectivity and yield are 92.34%,98.87%and 91.30%.
基金International S&T Cooperation Program of China(2015DFA30440)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81301268,81421004)+1 种基金Beijing Nova Program(Z131107000413063)The National Key Instrumentation Development Project(2013YQ030651)。
文摘Integrating photoacoustic(PA)and ultrasound(US)into a handheld probe to perform P A/US dual-modal imaging has been widely studied over the past few years.However,optical fuence decreases quickly in deeper tissue due to light scattering and absorption,which would signifi-cantly affect the quantitative PA imaging.In this paper,we performed a fluence compensation for a PA imaging study of human breast.The comparison of P A/US image with and without optical fuence compensation demonstrated that the fuence compensation could effectively improve imaging quality for handheld probe.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2017YFE0104200 and2017YFC0907604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81421004 and 81301268)+3 种基金the National Key Instrumentation Development Project(No.2013YQ030651)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ18023)Beijing Nova Program Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project(No.xxjc201812)International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2015DFA30440)。
文摘Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)with a handheld linear ultrasound(US) probe is widely used owing to its convenient and inherent dual modality capability.However,the limited length of the linear probe makes PAI suffer from the limited view.In this study,we present a simple method to substantially increase the view angle aided by two US reflectors.Both phantom and in vivo animal study results have demonstrated that the imaging quality can be greatly improved with the reflector without sacrificing the imaging speed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62122072,12174368,61705216,61905112,82171989,62235013,62325112,U22A2023,81771880,and 62405306)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1404400)+6 种基金the Anhui Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Nos.202203a07020020 and 18030801138)the Anhui Provincial Department of Education(No.2022jyxm1836)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2308085QA21)the Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center(No.2022A0305-418-02)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-PUMCH-C-009)the University of Science and Technology of China(Nos.YD2090002015 and 2022xjyxm027)the Institute of Artificial Intelligence at Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(No.23YGXT005).
文摘Photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)is a rapidly developing biomedical imaging modality and has attracted substantial attention in recent years.Image reconstruction from photoacoustic projections plays a critical role in image formation in PACT.Here we review six major classes of image reconstruction approaches developed in the past three decades,including delay and sum,filtered back projection,series expansion,time reversal,iterative reconstruction,and deep-learning-based reconstruction.The principal ideas and implementations of the algorithms are summarized,and their reconstruction performances under different imaging scenarios are compared.Major challenges,future directions,and perspectives for the development of image reconstruction algorithms in PACT are also discussed.This review provides a self-contained reference guide for beginners and specialists in the photoacoustic community,to facilitate the development and application of novel photoacoustic image reconstruction algorithms.
文摘By binding molecular probes that target tumor cells, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with superior characteristics have shown great potential in tumor molecular imaging studies. The non-invasive, high-resolution, and three-dimensional imaging of the targeted AuNPs within the tumor is desirable for both diagnosis and therapy. In this study, gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) are presented as a novel contrast agent for photoacoustic tomography (PAT). By binding to folic acid, the molecular probe, the tail-vein injected AuNFs concentrated within the tumor site in mice; this was clearly visualized by three-dimensional (3D) PAT imaging. In addition, toxicity assay proved that AuNFs were harmless to living cells and animals. Our results demonstrate that AuNFs have great potential in tumor molecular imaging.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFE0104200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81421004,62105006)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2020M680187,2021T140023)。
文摘Optical whispering-gallery microresonators have attracted considerable interest for ultrasensitive ultrasound detection and photoacoustic imaging because of the combination of high quality factors and small cavity sizes.In the last decade,ultrasonic sensors with on-chip microcavities have been extensively developed;however,they are unsuitable for the near-field photoacoustic microscopy of micro/nanoscale objects in complex biological environments and endoscopic imaging.In this work,we developed ultrasonic sensors using two types of encapsulated microsphere resonators with different cavity materials.A noise equivalent pressure of as low as 160 Pa at 20 MHz was achieved with the acoustic response up to 70 MHz at-6 d B.Furthermore,the microsensor was used for photoacoustic microscopy in which we successfully performed 3 D imaging of hairs and leaf veins.The microsphere ultrasonic sensor has considerable potential as a probe-type ultrasonic detector for near-field photoacoustic microscopy of micro/nanoscale objects such as subcellular structures and high-resolution endoscopic photoacoustic imaging with its high sensitivity and wide bandwidth.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140023,2020M680187)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62105006,81421004)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0104200)。
文摘Optical ultrasonic probes,exemplified by Fabry–Perot cavities on optical fibers,have small sizes,high sensitivity,and pure optical characteristics,making them highly attractive in high-resolution ultrasonic/photoacoustic imaging,especially in near-field or endoscopic scenarios.Taking a different approach,we demonstrate an ultrasensitive and broadband ultrasound microprobe formed by an optical whispering-gallery-mode polymer microcavity coupled to a U-shaped microfiber.With the h/√igh-quality(Q)factors(>10^(6)),the noise equivalent pressure of the ultrasound microprobe reaches 1.07 m Pa∕Hz with a record broadband response of 150 MHz and a large detection angle of 180°.Our results show that this optical microprobe can overcome the strong decay resulting from ultrasound diverging and medium absorption through short working distances.We further demonstrate high-quality in vivo whole-body photoacoustic imaging of a zebrafish larva.Our implementation provides a new strategy for developing miniature ultrasound detectors and holds great potential for broad applications.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFE0104200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81421004)the National Key Instrumentation Development Project(No.2013YQ030651)
文摘Photoacoustic(PA) tomography(PAT) breaks the barrier for high-resolution optical imaging in a strong lightscattering medium, having a great potential for both clinical implementation and small animal studies. However,many organs and tissues lack enough PA contrast or even hinder the propagation of PA waves. Therefore, it is challenging to interpret pure PAT images, especially three-dimensional(3 D) PA images for deep tissues, without enough structural information. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we integrated PAT with X-ray computed tomography(CT) in a standalone system. PAT provides optical contrast and CT gives anatomical information. We performed agar, tissue phantom, and animal studies, and the results demonstrated that PAT/CT imaging systems can provide accurate spatial registration of important complementary contrasts.
基金We thank Prof. Decheng Wu for helping chemical synthesis. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51121091, 21133001, 81421004, 21227803, and 21303004), Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2014CB239303, 2013CB932601 and 2011CB808702), and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2011CB707502).
文摘The original version of this article unfortunately missed acknowledgements part. The acknowledgements are as below.