Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seaw...Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seawater,the chlorine evolution reaction always competes with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,and chloride corrosion occurs on both the anode and cathode.Thus,effective electrocatalysts with high selectivity toward the OER and excellent resistance to chloride corrosion should be developed.In this critical review,we focus on the prospects of state-of-the-art metal-oxide electrocatalysts,including noble metal oxides,non-noble metal oxides and their compounds,and spinel-and perovskite-type oxides,for seawater splitting.We elucidate their chemical properties,excellent OER selectivity,outstanding anti-chlorine-corrosion performance,and reaction mechanisms.In particular,we review metal oxides that operate at high current densities,near industrial application levels,based on special catalyst design strategies.展开更多
Among various electrocatalysts,high entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted great attention due to the distinctive designing concept and unique properties with captivating electrocatalytic activity and stability.To date...Among various electrocatalysts,high entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted great attention due to the distinctive designing concept and unique properties with captivating electrocatalytic activity and stability.To date,HEMs have been a new family of advanced electrocatalysts in the research field of water electrolysis.In this work,the structural features and synthesis strategies of high entropy catalysts are reviewed,especially,their performances for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis are presented,in which the crucial roles of structure,composition,multisites synergy,and“four core effects”for enhancing catalytic activity,stability,and resistance of electrochemical corrosion are introduced.Besides,the design tactics,main challenges,and future prospects of HEM-based electrocatalysts for HER and OER are discussed.It is expected to provide valuable information for the development of low-cost efficient HEM-based electrocatalysts in the field of water electrolysis.展开更多
Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly ...Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is still challenging for the sluggish oxygen evolution dynamics and the existed competitive reaction of chlorine evolution reaction(CER).To this end,some newly-developed electrocatalysts with superior performance,such as noble metals,alloy,transition metals,oxides,carbides,nitrides,phosphides,and so on,have been synthesized for the seawater splitting in recent years.This review starts from the historical background and fundamental mechanisms,and summarizes the most recent progress in the development of seawater electrolysis technologies.Some existing issues in the process of seawater electrolysis are enumerated and the corresponded solutions are presented.The future of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis,especially the design and synthesis of novel catalysts for seawater electrolysis,is prospected.展开更多
基金This work is supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan,and Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan.Chen and Feng gratefully acknowledge the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council,China.Kitiphatpiboon gratefully acknowledges MEXT of Japan for the scholarship,Japan.
文摘Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seawater,the chlorine evolution reaction always competes with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,and chloride corrosion occurs on both the anode and cathode.Thus,effective electrocatalysts with high selectivity toward the OER and excellent resistance to chloride corrosion should be developed.In this critical review,we focus on the prospects of state-of-the-art metal-oxide electrocatalysts,including noble metal oxides,non-noble metal oxides and their compounds,and spinel-and perovskite-type oxides,for seawater splitting.We elucidate their chemical properties,excellent OER selectivity,outstanding anti-chlorine-corrosion performance,and reaction mechanisms.In particular,we review metal oxides that operate at high current densities,near industrial application levels,based on special catalyst design strategies.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(NO.202300410433)ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd,Japan.We also appreciate Mr Lijie Hou of the Shiyanjia Lab(www.shiyanjia.com)for providing the supporting materials.
文摘Among various electrocatalysts,high entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted great attention due to the distinctive designing concept and unique properties with captivating electrocatalytic activity and stability.To date,HEMs have been a new family of advanced electrocatalysts in the research field of water electrolysis.In this work,the structural features and synthesis strategies of high entropy catalysts are reviewed,especially,their performances for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis are presented,in which the crucial roles of structure,composition,multisites synergy,and“four core effects”for enhancing catalytic activity,stability,and resistance of electrochemical corrosion are introduced.Besides,the design tactics,main challenges,and future prospects of HEM-based electrocatalysts for HER and OER are discussed.It is expected to provide valuable information for the development of low-cost efficient HEM-based electrocatalysts in the field of water electrolysis.
基金supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan,and Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan.Feng and Chen gratefully acknowledge the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council,China.
文摘Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is still challenging for the sluggish oxygen evolution dynamics and the existed competitive reaction of chlorine evolution reaction(CER).To this end,some newly-developed electrocatalysts with superior performance,such as noble metals,alloy,transition metals,oxides,carbides,nitrides,phosphides,and so on,have been synthesized for the seawater splitting in recent years.This review starts from the historical background and fundamental mechanisms,and summarizes the most recent progress in the development of seawater electrolysis technologies.Some existing issues in the process of seawater electrolysis are enumerated and the corresponded solutions are presented.The future of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis,especially the design and synthesis of novel catalysts for seawater electrolysis,is prospected.