Quantitative Study on Morphological Change Characteristics of Tonle Sap Lake Based on DEM

Lake is an important part of the natural ecosystem, and its morphological characteristics reflect the capacity of lake regulation and storage, the strength of material migration, and the characteristics of shoreline development. In most existing studies, remote sensing images are used to quantify the morphological characteristics of lakes. However, the extraction accuracy of lake water is greatly affected by cloud cover and vegetation cover, and the inversion accuracy of lake elevation data is poor, which cannot accurately describe the response relationship of lake landscape morphology with water level change. Therefore, this paper takes Tonle Sap Lake as the research object, which is the largest natural freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. DEM is constructed based on high-resolution measured topographic data, and morphological indicators such as lake area, lake shoreline length, perimeter area ratio, longest axis length, maximum width, shoreline development index, lake shape complexity, compactness ratio and form ratio are adopted to researching the evolution law of high water overflows and low water outbursts quantitatively, and clarifying the variation characteristics of landscape morphology with water level gradient in Tonle Sap Lake. The research results have important theoretical significance for the scientific utilization of Tonle Sap Lake water resources and the protection of the lake ecosystem.

Boundedness of Multilinear Oscillatory Singular Integral on Weighted Weak Hardy Spaces

In this paper, by using the atomic decomposition of the weighted weak Hardy space WH;（R;）, the authors discuss a class of multilinear oscillatory singular integrals and obtain their boundedness from the weighted weak Hardy space WH;（R;） to the weighted weak Lebesgue space WL;（R;） for ω∈A;（R;）.

Influence of asymmetric tidal mixing on sediment dynamics in a partially mixed estuary

To investigate the influence of asymmetric tidal mixing(ATM) on sediment dynamics in tidal estuaries, we developed a vertically one-dimensional idealized analytical model, in which the M_2 tidal flow, residual flow and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) are described. Model solutions are obtained in terms of tidallyaveraged, and tidally-varying components(M_2 and M_4) of both hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics. The effect of ATM was considered with a time-varying eddy viscosity and time-varying eddy diffusivity of SSC. For the first time, an analytical solution for SSC variation driven by varying diffusivity could be derived. The model was applied to York River Estuary, where higher(or lower) eddy diffusivity was observed during flood(or ebb) in a previous study. The model results agreed well with the observation in both hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics. The vertical sediment distribution under the influence of ATM was analyzed in terms of the phase lag of the M_2 component of SSC relative to tidal flow. The phase lag increases significantly in estuaries with typical ATM(higher diffusivity during flood and lower diffusivity during ebb) for the case of seaward-directed net bottom shear stress(e.g., strong river discharge). In contrary, the phase lag is reduced by ATM, if the tidally-averaged bottom shear stress is landward(e.g., strong horizontal density gradient). The dynamics of sediment transport was analyzed as a function of ATM phase lag to identify the time of highest sediment diffusivity, as well as a function of the residual flow, to evaluate the relative importance of seaward and landward residual flows. In estuaries with relative strong fresh water discharge or weak tidal forcing(in case of flood season or neap tide), the near bottom SSC could be higher during ebb than during flood, since the bottom shear stress is higher during ebb due to seaward residual flow. However, landward net sediment transport can be expected in these estuaries in case of a typical ATM, because higher diffusivity causes higher SSC and landward transport during the flood period, while both SSC and seaward transport could be lower during ebb. On the contrary, seaward sediment transport can be expected in estuaries with landward tidally mean bottom shear stress in case of a reverse ATM,where sediment diffusivity is higher during the ebb.

Reducing oxidative stress and hepatoprotective effect of water extracts from Pu-erh tea on rats with high-fat diet

Reducing oxidative stress and hepatoprotective effect of Pu-erh tea water extracts on rats fed with high-fat diet were researched for explaining health care of Pu-erh tea.Fifty SD rats were divided into five groups.The body weight was measured once a day.The malondialdehyde(MDA)and glucose(Glu)levels and the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),nitric oxide synthase(NOS),and pyruvate kinase(PK)in serum were determined.Furthermore,the hepatic glycogen level(HGL)and the activities of hepatic total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were also measured after continuous administration for 12 weeks.The result demonstrated that Pu-erh extract caused the decreases in body weight,fat index,MDA and NOS levels,and the increases in hepatic T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px activities,indicating that the extract may be due to inhibiting the increases of body weight and fat index,reducing oxidant stress state and inhibiting lipid peroxidation,thus decreasing the activities of ALT and AST,and protecting the liver in rat.Meanwhile,the extracts could increase the production of hepatic glycogen and the activity of PK,and reduce glucose level,protecting the liver from the diseases associated with type II diabetes.

Morphological Characteristics of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake and Its Response to River-Lake Water Exchange Pattern

Tonle Sap Lake is the largest river-connected lake, buffer area and ecological zone of Mekong River, which plays a huge role in dispelling flood peak and compensating water, and the conservation of biological diversity. The river-lake relationship between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is unique and has always been a major focus in the international community. The land terrain and under-water topography were used to analyze the morphological characteristics of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake. Long series of hydrological data of river-lake controlling stations were used to analyze the water level variation characteristics and water volume exchange pattern between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake, and the response relationship to river-lake morphological characteristics were also researched. The results show that: Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake Area is low-lying and flat with gentle channel gradient and water surface gradient, making the relationship between water level and area (or volume) smooth. The channel storage capacity of Mekong River and Tonle Sap River is not enough compared to the inflow, so vast flooding plain is extremely prone to be inundated, making the flood relationships between the left and right banks become very complicated. Tonle Sap Lake is a seasonal freshwater lake with water flowing in and flowing out, and the timing and intensity of water exchange with Mekong River are closely related to the water flow resistance at the exit section of Tonle Sap Lake and the cross-sectional area of Tonle Sap River, which can be reflected by the river-lake water level difference and the water level of Tonle Sap River. Affected by the river-lake morphological characteristics, the water exchange intensity between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is great. Tonle Sap Lake not only stores 14.4% of flood volume (39.7 billion m3) from the Mekong River every year, but also supplies 29.7% of dry water (69.4 billion m3) to the Mekong River. Influenced by the adjustment of the floodplain, the water level fluctuation of Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is slow, and the rising and droop rates of water level are positively correlated with the floodplain storage area. The research results will help to understand the relationship mechanism between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive governance of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake Area.

Design of Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs) are advanced electrochemical devices for energy storage and have attracted strong interest due to their outstanding properties. Rational optimization of electrode–electrolyte interactions is of vital importance to enhance device performance for practical applications. Molecular dynamics(MD) simulations could provide theoretical guidelines for the optimal design of electrodes and the improvement of capacitive performances, e.g., energy density and power density. Here we discuss recent MD simulation studies on energy storage performance of electrode materials containing porous to nanostructures. The energy storage properties are related to the electrode structures, including electrode geometry and electrode modifications. Altering electrode geometry, i.e., pore size and surface topography,can influence EDL capacitance. We critically examine different types of electrode modifications, such as altering the arrangement of carbon atoms, doping heteroatoms and defects, which can change the quantum capacitance. The enhancement of power density can be achieved by the intensified ion dynamics and shortened ion pathway.Rational control of the electrode morphology helps improve the ion dynamics by decreasing the ion diffusion pathway. Tuning the surface properties(e.g., the affinity between the electrode and the ions) can affect the ionpacking phenomena. Our critical analysis helps enhance the energy and power densities of EDLCs by modulating the corresponding electrode structures and surface properties.

AdvSce:面向自动驾驶系统的安全关键场景生成工具

AdvSce是一个面向自动驾驶系统的安全关键场景生成工具,能够在给定初始场景的基础上,以添加额外交通参与者的方式,生成挑战自动驾驶系统控制车辆(主车)安全性的扰动场景,用于自动驾驶系统的仿真测试.不同于既往研究中,首先确定场景参数空间,再使用黑盒优化算法生成安全关键场景的工具或方法, AdvSce可以基于对主车行为的分析,在场景生成过程中动态地构造能够挑战主车安全性的场景参数空间,从而实现高度自动化且高效的安全关键场景生成.我们使用AdvSce在LGSVL仿真器中生成了面向Apollo 7.0自动驾驶系统的测试场景.结果表明,相比现有的安全关键场景生成工具, AdvSce具有更高的安全问题场景生成效率.

石墨烯/离子液体体系静电吸附机理及非平衡热力学模型

超级电容是基于固液界面静电吸附原理的先进储能技术.石墨烯和高浓度离子液体被认为是超级电容储能的理想材料和电解液工质,但是其静电吸附过程中能量载子间具有复杂交互作用、纳米尺度效应和非平衡热力学特征,显著区别于常规低浓度、低黏度和非受限体系,无法通过经典理论和模型进行解释.本文通过分子动力学模拟,结合恒定电势和热力学方法,系统研究了离子液体在石墨烯纳米通道内的静电吸附机理,包括热力学平衡态结构和非平衡传递过程;提出了可在分子动力学模拟中量化离子传递的判据,发现离子液体在纳米通道内传递与电势、受限效应、粒子间交互作用密切相关;基于时间微元原理,建立了描述纳米通道静电吸附过程的非平衡热力学模型,更为真实地描述了静电吸附充/放电过程;发现纳米受限状态下高密度异性离子和低密度同性离子间相界面的形成会阻碍同性离子的传输,进而造成高充/放电速率下储能容量下降,不同于传统观点所提出的异性离子吸附滞后的机理.研究结果揭示了高浓度离子液体在纳米通道内的特殊静电吸附机理,为构筑高性能超级电容提供了理论指导.

c^＊-Quasinormally embedded subgroups of finite groups

Suppose that G is a finite group and H is a subgroup of G. H is said to be s-quasinormally embedded in G if for each prime p dividing │H│, a Sylow p-subgroup of H is also a Sylow p-subgroup of some s-quasinormal subgroup of G; H is called c^＊-quasinormally embedded in G if there is a subgroup T of G such that G = HT and HCqT is s-quasinormally embedded in G. We investigate the influence of c^＊-quasinormally embedded subgroups on the structure of finite groups. Some recent results are generalized.