Anthocyanins play vital roles in plant stress tolerance and growth regulation.Previously,we reported that the photomorphogenesis-related transcription factor SlBBX20 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in tomato.Howeve...Anthocyanins play vital roles in plant stress tolerance and growth regulation.Previously,we reported that the photomorphogenesis-related transcription factor SlBBX20 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in tomato.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Here,we showed that SlBBX20 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene SlDFR,suggesting that SlBBX20 directly activates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.Furthermore,we found by yeast two-hybrid screening that SlBBX20 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit SlCSN5-2,and the interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays.SlCSN5 gene silencing led to anthocyanin hyperaccumulation in the transgenic tomato calli and shoots,and SlCSN5-2 overexpression decreased anthocyanin accumulation,suggesting thSlCSN5-2 enhanced the ubiquitination of SlBBX20 and promoted the degradation of SlBBX20 in vivo.Consistently,silencing the SlCSN5-2 homolog in tobacco significantly increased the accumulation of the SlBBX20 protein.Since SlBBX20 is a vital regulator of photomorphogenesis,the SlBBX20-SlCSN5-2 module may represent a novel regulatory pathway in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.展开更多
Helical growth is an economical way for plant to obtain resources.The classic microtubule–microfibril alignment model of Arabidopsis helical growth involves restriction of the appropriate orientation of cellulose mic...Helical growth is an economical way for plant to obtain resources.The classic microtubule–microfibril alignment model of Arabidopsis helical growth involves restriction of the appropriate orientation of cellulose microfibrils appropriately in the cell walls.However,the molecular mechanism underlying tomato helical growth remains unknown.Here,we identified a spontaneous tomato helical(hel)mutant with right-handed helical cotyledons and petals but left-handed helical stems and true leaves.Genetic analysis revealed that the hel phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.Using map-based cloning,we cloned the HEL gene,which encodes a cellulose interacting protein homologous to CSI1 of Arabidopsis.We identified a 27 bp fragment replacement that generated a premature stop codon.Transgenic experiments showed that the helical growth phenotype could be restored by the allele of this gene from wild-type Pyriforme.In contrast,the knockout mutation of HEL in Pyriforme via CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in helical growth.These findings shed light on the molecular control of the helical growth of tomato.展开更多
Fruit cracking is a major disorder that affects the integrity of fruit and reduces the commercial value of tomato and other fleshy fruit.Here,we have found a novel fruit'netted-cracking'(FNC)phenotype in tomat...Fruit cracking is a major disorder that affects the integrity of fruit and reduces the commercial value of tomato and other fleshy fruit.Here,we have found a novel fruit'netted-cracking'(FNC)phenotype in tomato introgression line IL4-4 which is present in neither the donor parent(LA0716)nor the receptor parent(M82).An F2 population was generated by crossing IL4-4 with M82 to genetically characterize the FNC gene and this showed that a single dominant gene determined fruit netted-cracking.Further map-based cloning narrowed down the FNC locus to a 230 kb region on chromosome 4.Sequencing and annotation analysis show that FNC(Solyc04 g082540)was the most likely candidate gene.Functional characterization of FNC by overexpressing FNC^c and FNC1^resulted in the fruit netted-cracking phenotype,suggesting that the FNC transcript level results in the functional gain of fruit netted-cracking.These findings were further confirmed by FNC ortholog in netted-cracking pepper and melon,indicating a common regulatory mechanism in different plant species.Furthermore,cytoplasm and nucleus-localized FNC indicates increased expression of genes involved in suberin,lignin,lipid transport and cell wall metabolism.These findings provide novel genetic insights into fruit netted-cracking and offer a way to promote molecular improvement toward cracking resistant cultivars.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662019PY048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772313,31972421,and 31991182)。
文摘Anthocyanins play vital roles in plant stress tolerance and growth regulation.Previously,we reported that the photomorphogenesis-related transcription factor SlBBX20 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in tomato.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Here,we showed that SlBBX20 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene SlDFR,suggesting that SlBBX20 directly activates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.Furthermore,we found by yeast two-hybrid screening that SlBBX20 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit SlCSN5-2,and the interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays.SlCSN5 gene silencing led to anthocyanin hyperaccumulation in the transgenic tomato calli and shoots,and SlCSN5-2 overexpression decreased anthocyanin accumulation,suggesting thSlCSN5-2 enhanced the ubiquitination of SlBBX20 and promoted the degradation of SlBBX20 in vivo.Consistently,silencing the SlCSN5-2 homolog in tobacco significantly increased the accumulation of the SlBBX20 protein.Since SlBBX20 is a vital regulator of photomorphogenesis,the SlBBX20-SlCSN5-2 module may represent a novel regulatory pathway in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.
基金supported by grants from the NSFC(31672149,31991182 and 31872122)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0101902).
文摘Helical growth is an economical way for plant to obtain resources.The classic microtubule–microfibril alignment model of Arabidopsis helical growth involves restriction of the appropriate orientation of cellulose microfibrils appropriately in the cell walls.However,the molecular mechanism underlying tomato helical growth remains unknown.Here,we identified a spontaneous tomato helical(hel)mutant with right-handed helical cotyledons and petals but left-handed helical stems and true leaves.Genetic analysis revealed that the hel phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.Using map-based cloning,we cloned the HEL gene,which encodes a cellulose interacting protein homologous to CSI1 of Arabidopsis.We identified a 27 bp fragment replacement that generated a premature stop codon.Transgenic experiments showed that the helical growth phenotype could be restored by the allele of this gene from wild-type Pyriforme.In contrast,the knockout mutation of HEL in Pyriforme via CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in helical growth.These findings shed light on the molecular control of the helical growth of tomato.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672149 and 31991182)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101902),and CARS-23-A-03.
文摘Fruit cracking is a major disorder that affects the integrity of fruit and reduces the commercial value of tomato and other fleshy fruit.Here,we have found a novel fruit'netted-cracking'(FNC)phenotype in tomato introgression line IL4-4 which is present in neither the donor parent(LA0716)nor the receptor parent(M82).An F2 population was generated by crossing IL4-4 with M82 to genetically characterize the FNC gene and this showed that a single dominant gene determined fruit netted-cracking.Further map-based cloning narrowed down the FNC locus to a 230 kb region on chromosome 4.Sequencing and annotation analysis show that FNC(Solyc04 g082540)was the most likely candidate gene.Functional characterization of FNC by overexpressing FNC^c and FNC1^resulted in the fruit netted-cracking phenotype,suggesting that the FNC transcript level results in the functional gain of fruit netted-cracking.These findings were further confirmed by FNC ortholog in netted-cracking pepper and melon,indicating a common regulatory mechanism in different plant species.Furthermore,cytoplasm and nucleus-localized FNC indicates increased expression of genes involved in suberin,lignin,lipid transport and cell wall metabolism.These findings provide novel genetic insights into fruit netted-cracking and offer a way to promote molecular improvement toward cracking resistant cultivars.