This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based robust information hiding algorithm to address the issue of confidential information being susceptible to noise attacks during transmission.The algorithm we designe...This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based robust information hiding algorithm to address the issue of confidential information being susceptible to noise attacks during transmission.The algorithm we designed aims to mitigate the impact of various noise attacks on the integrity of secret information during transmission.The method we propose involves encoding secret images into stylized encrypted images and applies adversarial transfer to both the style and content features of the original and embedded data.This process effectively enhances the concealment and imperceptibility of confidential information,thereby improving the security of such information during transmission and reducing security risks.Furthermore,we have designed a specialized attack layer to simulate real-world attacks and common noise scenarios encountered in practical environments.Through adversarial training,the algorithm is strengthened to enhance its resilience against attacks and overall robustness,ensuring better protection against potential threats.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully enhances the concealment and unknowability of secret information while maintaining embedding capacity.Additionally,it ensures the quality and fidelity of the stego image.The method we propose not only improves the security and robustness of information hiding technology but also holds practical application value in protecting sensitive data and ensuring the invisibility of confidential information.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer globally,with limited therapies and unsatisfactory prognosis once in the advanced stages.With promising advances in locoregional and systematic t...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer globally,with limited therapies and unsatisfactory prognosis once in the advanced stages.With promising advances in locoregional and systematic treatments,fast development of targeted drugs,the success of immunotherapy,as well as the emergence of the therapeutic alliance,conversion therapy has recently become more well developed and an effective therapeutic strategy.This article aimed to review recent developments in conversion therapy in liver transplantation(LT)for HCC.Data sources:We searched for relevant publications on Pub Med before September 2022,using the terms“HCC”,“liver transplantation”,“downstaging”,“bridging treatment”and“conversion therapy.”Results:Conversion therapy was frequently represented as a combination of multiple treatment modalities to downstage HCC and make patients eligible for LT.Although combining various local and systematic treatments in conversion therapy is still controversial,growing evidence has suggested that multimodal combined treatment strategies downstage HCC in a shorter time,which ultimately increases the opportunities for LT.Moreover,the recent breakthrough of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for HCC also benefit patients with advanced-stage tumors.Conclusions:In the era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,applying the thinking of transplant oncology to benefit HCC patients receiving LT is a new topic that has shed light on advanced-stage patients.With the expansion of conversion therapy concepts,further investigation and research is required to realize the full potential of conversion treatment strategies,including accurately selecting candidates,determining the timing of surgery,improving the conversion rate,and guaranteeing the safety and long-term efficacy of treatment.展开更多
As one of the pentlandites,Fe5Ni4S8(FNS) based materials have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent catalytic properties and promising applicability.The control over the catalyst surface structure ofte...As one of the pentlandites,Fe5Ni4S8(FNS) based materials have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent catalytic properties and promising applicability.The control over the catalyst surface structure often benefits its heterogeneous catalytic activity.However,this has not been investigated for FNS materials at the nanoscale regarding the catalytic activity related to high-index facets.Herein,FNS nanoparticles(FNSNPs) with enclosed continuous tunable high-index facets were prepared and studied to clarify the relationship between the structure and catalytic functionality.The results suggested strong dependence between exposed facets of FNSNPs and their sizes.The decline in the average size to5.8 nm led to enclosing by high-index facets(422) and(511) to yield optimal electrocatalytic activities toward the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalytic activity of FNSNPs was closely related to the surface energy of the main exposed facets.These findings clarified the relationship between high-index-facet and high-surface-energy FNSNPs,as promising approaches in crystal surface control engineering.展开更多
Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes irreversible blindness in people aged over 50 worldwide.The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is the primary cause of atrophic AMD.In the current study,we used t...Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes irreversible blindness in people aged over 50 worldwide.The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is the primary cause of atrophic AMD.In the current study,we used the ComBat and Training Distribution Matching method to integrate data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We analyzed the integrated sequencing data by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.Peroxisome and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were among the top 10 pathways,and thus we selected them to construct AMD cell models to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs(circRNAs).We then constructed a competing endogenous RNA network,which is related to differentially expressed circRNAs.This network included seven circRNAs,15 microRNAs,and 82 mRNAs.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of mRNAs in this network showed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway was a common downstream event.The results of the current study may provide insights into the pathological processes of atrophic AMD.展开更多
During oxygen evolution reaction(OER),complex changes have been reported on surfaces of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts,and regulating the dynamic evolution could improve their electrocatalytic performances.Herein,a ...During oxygen evolution reaction(OER),complex changes have been reported on surfaces of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts,and regulating the dynamic evolution could improve their electrocatalytic performances.Herein,a pyrrolidone-promoted reconstruction of pentlandite was investigated to uncover the correlation between the reconstructed surface and the OER performance.The theoretical calculations indicated the preferential implantation of pyrrolidone at Fe atoms,useful for regulating the electronic structures of pentlandite.The vale nce state of Ni increased,suggesting the promotion of the in-situ reconstruction of pentlandite via strengthening hydroxyl adsorption to generate highly active NiOOH.The electron-rich pentlandite was also found conducive to charge transfer under applied voltages.The Operando Raman and various quasi-in-situ characterizations confirmed the realization of more delocalized electronic structures of pentlandite by introducing pyrrolidone.This,in turn,promoted the accumulation of hydroxyl groups on the pentlandite surface,thereby boosting the formation of highly active NiOOH at lower OER potentials.Consequently,the adsorption energies of intermediates were optimized,conducive to enhanced OER reaction kinetics.As a proof of concept,the pentlandite decorated by pyrrolidone exhibited an overpotential as low as 265 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2) coupled with stable catalysis for 1000 hours at a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).In sum,new insights into unlocking the high catalytic activity of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts were provided,promising for future synthesis of advanced catalysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)and prior stroke history have a high risk of cardiovascular events despite anticoagulation therapy.It is unclear whether catheter ablation(CA)has further benefits in the...BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)and prior stroke history have a high risk of cardiovascular events despite anticoagulation therapy.It is unclear whether catheter ablation(CA)has further benefits in these patients.METHODS AF patients with a previous history of stroke or systemic embolism(SE)from the prospective Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study between August 2011 and December 2020 were included in the analysis.Patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio to CA or medical treatment(MT)based on propensity score.The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death or ischemic stroke(IS)/SE.RESULTS During a total of 4.1±2.3 years of follow-up,the primary outcome occurred in 111 patients in the CA group(3.3 per 100 person-years)and in 229 patients in the MT group(5.7 per 100 person-years).The CA group had a lower risk of the primary outcome compared to the MT group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.59,95%CI:0.47–0.74,P<0.001].There was a significant decreasing risk of all-cause mortality(HR=0.43,95%CI:0.31–0.61,P<0.001),IS/SE(HR=0.73,95%CI:0.54–0.97,P=0.033),cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.54,P<0.001)and AF recurrence(HR=0.33,95%CI:0.30–0.37,P<0.001)in the CA group compared to that in the MT group.Sensitivity analysis generated consistent results when adjusting for time-dependent usage of anticoagulants.CONCLUSIONS In AF patients with a prior stroke history,CA was associated with a lower combined risk of all-cause death or IS/SE.Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the benefits of CA in these patients.展开更多
The family Rhyscotidae Budde-Lund,1904 contains two genera:Rhyscotoides Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978 and Rhyscotus Budde-Lund,1885.To date,twenty-one species within the family are known,occurring in the subtropic and t...The family Rhyscotidae Budde-Lund,1904 contains two genera:Rhyscotoides Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978 and Rhyscotus Budde-Lund,1885.To date,twenty-one species within the family are known,occurring in the subtropic and tropic regions(Schmalfuss,2003;Schmidt,2003;Boyko et al.,2022).The members of the family can be recognized by the cephalon with a strongly inflated frons,the antennae with two-jointed flagellum,the maxillae are almost semicircular,the maxillipeds have short palpus and endite,and pleopod exopodites without pseudotracheae(Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978).Before this study,the members of Rhyscotidae were unknown in China.The present research describes a new species of the genus Rhyscotus from Hainan Island,representing a new record of the family Rhyscotidae from China.展开更多
A new interval arithmetic method is proposed to solve interval functions with correlated intervals through which the overestimation problem existing in interval analysis could be significantly alleviated. The correlat...A new interval arithmetic method is proposed to solve interval functions with correlated intervals through which the overestimation problem existing in interval analysis could be significantly alleviated. The correlation between interval parameters is defined by the multidimensional parallelepiped model which is convenient to describe the correlative and independent interval variables in a unified framework. The original interval variables with correlation are transformed into the standard space without correlation,and then the relationship between the original variables and the standard interval variables is obtained. The expressions of four basic interval arithmetic operations, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, are given in the standard space. Finally, several numerical examples and a two-step bar are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The ferrite decarburization behavior of 60Si2MnA spring steel wires for automotive suspensions, including the forming condition and the influence of heating time and cooling rate after hot rolling, was investigated co...The ferrite decarburization behavior of 60Si2MnA spring steel wires for automotive suspensions, including the forming condition and the influence of heating time and cooling rate after hot rolling, was investigated comprehensively. Also, a control strategy during the reheating process and cooling process after rolling was put forward to protect against ferrite decarburization. The results show that ferrite decarburization, which has the strong temperature dependence due to phase transformation, is produced between 675 and 875°C. The maximum depth is found at 750°C. Heating time and cooling rate after rolling have an important influence on decarburization. Reasonable preheating temperature in the billet reheating process and austenitizing temperature in the heat-treatment process are suggested to protect against ferrite decarburization.展开更多
Objective:To explore protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:A total of 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(A),I/R group(B),high dose of rosiglitazone(...Objective:To explore protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:A total of 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(A),I/R group(B),high dose of rosiglitazone(C),low dose of rosiglitazone(D).Plasm concentration of creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB,hsCRP,Superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin(ET)were measured 1 h later after I/R.24 h after I/R hearts were harvested to observe pathological and ultrastructural changes.Immunohistochemistry and western blotting was used to test CD40 expression in myocardial tissue.Area of myocardial infarction were tested,arrhythmia rate during I/R was recorded.Results:Plasm concentration of creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB,hsCRP,NO,MDA and ET were decreased in group C,D compared with group B.Plasm concentration of T-SOD and GSHPx was increased significantly in group C,D compared with group B.Compared with group B,pathological and ultrastructural changes in group C,D were slightly.Myocardial infarction area and arrhythmia rate were lower in group C,D compare with group B.Conclusions:Rosiglitazone can protect myocardium from I/R injury by enhancing T-SOD and GSH-Px concentration,inhibit inflammatory reaction,improve endothelial function,reduce oxidative stress and calcium overload.展开更多
Most of the current evolutionary algorithms for constrained optimization algorithm are low computational efficiency. In order to improve efficiency, an improved differential evolution with shrinking space technique an...Most of the current evolutionary algorithms for constrained optimization algorithm are low computational efficiency. In order to improve efficiency, an improved differential evolution with shrinking space technique and adaptive trade-off model, named ATMDE, is proposed to solve constrained optimization problems. The proposed ATMDE algorithm employs an improved differential evolution as the search optimizer to generate new offspring individuals into evolutionary population. For the constraints, the adaptive trade-off model as one of the most important constraint-handling techniques is employed to select better individuals to retain into the next population,which could effectively handle multiple constraints. Then the shrinking space technique is designed to shrink the search region according to feedback information in order to improve computational efficiency without losing accuracy.The improved DE algorithm introduces three different mutant strategies to generate different offspring into evolutionary population. Moreover, a new mutant strategy called ‘‘DE/rand/best/1'' is constructed to generate new individuals according to the feasibility proportion of current population. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a suite of benchmark functions and practical engineering problems. This research presents a constrained evolutionary algorithm with high efficiency and accuracy for constrained optimization problems.展开更多
Studies have shown that estrogen has neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal system.The present study established a Parkinson's disease model in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-...Studies have shown that estrogen has neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal system.The present study established a Parkinson's disease model in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrapyridine.The mice were subjected to 17β estradiol injection into the lateral ventricle.Immunofluorescence double staining showed that estrogen increased tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin-D28K expression and co-expression in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta of model mice.Behavior experiments showed that estrogen improved swimming and hanging behaviors in this mouse model of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Background: Global warming has brought many negative impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, which makes the vulnerability of ecosystems one of the hot issues in current ecological research. Here, we proposed an assessment...Background: Global warming has brought many negative impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, which makes the vulnerability of ecosystems one of the hot issues in current ecological research. Here, we proposed an assessment method based on the IPCC definition of vulnerability. The exposure to future climate was characterized using a moisture index(MI) that integrates the effects of temperature and precipitation. Vegetation stability, defined as the proportion of intact natural vegetation that remains unchanged under changing climate, was used together with vegetation productivity trend to represent the sensitivity and adaptability of ecosystems. Using this method, we evaluated the vulnerability of ecosystems in Southwestern China under two future representative concentration pathways(RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) with MC2 dynamic global vegetation model.Results:(1) Future(2017–2100) climate change will leave 7.4%(under RCP 4.5) and 57.4% of(under RCP 8.5) of areas under high or very high vulnerable climate exposure;(2) in terms of vegetation stability, nearly 45% of the study area will show high or very high vulnerability under both RCPs. Beside the impacts of human disturbance on natural vegetation coverage(vegetation intactness), climate change will cause obvious latitudinal movements in vegetation distribution, but the direction of movements under two RCPs were opposite due to the difference in water availability;(3) vegetation productivity in most areas will generally increase and remain a low vulnerability in the future;(4) an assessment based on the above three aspects together indicated that future climate change will generally have an adverse impact on all ecosystems in Southwestern China, with non-vulnerable areas account for only about 3% of the study area under both RCPs. However, compared with RCP 4.5, the areas with mid-and highvulnerability under RCP 8.5 scenario increased by 13% and 16%, respectively.Conclusion: Analyses of future climate exposure and projected vegetation distribution indicate widespread vulnerability of ecosystems in Southwestern China, while vegetation productivity in most areas will show an increasing trend to the end of twenty-first century. Based on new climate indicators and improved vulnerability assessment rules, our method provides an extra option for a more comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem vulnerability, and should be further tested at larger spatial scales in order to provide references for regional, or even global, ecosystem conservation works.展开更多
Background It is unclear whether catheter ablation(CA)for atrial fibrillation(AF)affects the long-term prognosis in the elderly.This study aims to evaluate the relationship between CA and long-term outcomes in elderly...Background It is unclear whether catheter ablation(CA)for atrial fibrillation(AF)affects the long-term prognosis in the elderly.This study aims to evaluate the relationship between CA and long-term outcomes in elderly patients with AF.Methods Patients more than 75 years old with non-valvular AF were prospectively enrolled between August 2011 and December 2017 in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study.Participants who underwent CA at baseline were propensity score matched(1:1)with those who did not receive CA.The outcome events included all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,stroke/transient ischemic attack(TIA),and cardiovascular hospitalization.Results Overall,this cohort included 571 ablated patients and 571 non-ablated patients with similar characteristics on 18 dimensions.During a mean follow-up of 39.75±19.98 months(minimum six months),24 patients died in the ablation group,compared with 60 deaths in the non-ablation group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.49,95%confidence interval(CI):0.30-0.79,P=0.0024].Besides,6 ablated and 29 non-ablated subjects died of cardiovascular disease(HR=0.25,95%CI:0.11-0.61,P=0.0022).A total of 27 ablated and 40 non-ablated patients suffered stroke/TIA(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.48-1.28,P=0.3431).In addition,140 ablated and 194 non-ablated participants suffered cardiovascular hospitalization(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.67-1.04,P=0.1084).Subgroup analyses according to gender,type of AF,time since onset of AF,and anticoagulants exposure in initiation did not show significant heterogeneity.Conclusions In elderly patients with AF,CA may be associated with a lower incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is highly prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).However,the asso-ciation between CKD and clinical consequences in AF patients is still under debate.METHODS We include...BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is highly prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).However,the asso-ciation between CKD and clinical consequences in AF patients is still under debate.METHODS We included 19,079 nonvalvular AF patients with available estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)values in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry from 2011 to 2018.Patients were classified into no CKD(eGFR≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2),mild CKD(60≤eGFR<90 mL/min per 1.73 m2),moderate CKD(30≤eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2),and severe CKD(eGFR<30 mL/min per 1.73 m2)groups.The risks of thromboembolism,major bleeding,and cardiovascular mortality were estimated with Fine-Gray regression analysis according to CKD status.Cox regression was performed to assess the risk of all-cause mortal-ity associated with CKD.RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 4.1±1.9 years,there were 985 thromboembolic events,414 major bleeding events,956 car-diovascular deaths,and 1,786 all-cause deaths.After multivariate adjustment,CKD was not an independent risk factor of throm-boembolic events.As compared to patients with no CKD,those with mild CKD,moderate CKD,and severe CKD had a 45%,47%,and 133%higher risk of major bleeding,respectively.There was a graded increased risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with CKD status compared with no CKD group:adjusted hazard ratio[HR]was 1.34(95%CI:1.07−1.68,P=0.011)for mild CKD group,2.17(95%CI:1.67−2.81,P<0.0001)for moderate CKD group,and 2.95(95%CI:1.97−4.41,P<0.0001)for severe CKD group,respectively.Risk of all-cause mortality also increased among patients with moderate or severe CKD.CONCLUSIONS CKD status was independently associated with progressively higher risks of major bleeding and mortality,but didn’t seem to be an independent predictor of thromboembolism in AF patients.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62272478,61872384)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.2023-JC-YB-584)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62172436)Engineering University of PAP’s Funding for Scientific Research Innovation Team,Engineering University of PAP’s Funding for Key Researcher(No.KYGG202011).
文摘This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based robust information hiding algorithm to address the issue of confidential information being susceptible to noise attacks during transmission.The algorithm we designed aims to mitigate the impact of various noise attacks on the integrity of secret information during transmission.The method we propose involves encoding secret images into stylized encrypted images and applies adversarial transfer to both the style and content features of the original and embedded data.This process effectively enhances the concealment and imperceptibility of confidential information,thereby improving the security of such information during transmission and reducing security risks.Furthermore,we have designed a specialized attack layer to simulate real-world attacks and common noise scenarios encountered in practical environments.Through adversarial training,the algorithm is strengthened to enhance its resilience against attacks and overall robustness,ensuring better protection against potential threats.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully enhances the concealment and unknowability of secret information while maintaining embedding capacity.Additionally,it ensures the quality and fidelity of the stego image.The method we propose not only improves the security and robustness of information hiding technology but also holds practical application value in protecting sensitive data and ensuring the invisibility of confidential information.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20360)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1312102)+1 种基金the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province(2014G074)the Jilin Provincial Department of Finance(JLSWSRCZX2021-016)。
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer globally,with limited therapies and unsatisfactory prognosis once in the advanced stages.With promising advances in locoregional and systematic treatments,fast development of targeted drugs,the success of immunotherapy,as well as the emergence of the therapeutic alliance,conversion therapy has recently become more well developed and an effective therapeutic strategy.This article aimed to review recent developments in conversion therapy in liver transplantation(LT)for HCC.Data sources:We searched for relevant publications on Pub Med before September 2022,using the terms“HCC”,“liver transplantation”,“downstaging”,“bridging treatment”and“conversion therapy.”Results:Conversion therapy was frequently represented as a combination of multiple treatment modalities to downstage HCC and make patients eligible for LT.Although combining various local and systematic treatments in conversion therapy is still controversial,growing evidence has suggested that multimodal combined treatment strategies downstage HCC in a shorter time,which ultimately increases the opportunities for LT.Moreover,the recent breakthrough of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for HCC also benefit patients with advanced-stage tumors.Conclusions:In the era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,applying the thinking of transplant oncology to benefit HCC patients receiving LT is a new topic that has shed light on advanced-stage patients.With the expansion of conversion therapy concepts,further investigation and research is required to realize the full potential of conversion treatment strategies,including accurately selecting candidates,determining the timing of surgery,improving the conversion rate,and guaranteeing the safety and long-term efficacy of treatment.
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Development Program of Jilin Province(Grant No.20220201138GX)the Project for Self-innovation Ability Construction of Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission(Grant No.2021C026)the Project Supported by Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University。
文摘As one of the pentlandites,Fe5Ni4S8(FNS) based materials have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent catalytic properties and promising applicability.The control over the catalyst surface structure often benefits its heterogeneous catalytic activity.However,this has not been investigated for FNS materials at the nanoscale regarding the catalytic activity related to high-index facets.Herein,FNS nanoparticles(FNSNPs) with enclosed continuous tunable high-index facets were prepared and studied to clarify the relationship between the structure and catalytic functionality.The results suggested strong dependence between exposed facets of FNSNPs and their sizes.The decline in the average size to5.8 nm led to enclosing by high-index facets(422) and(511) to yield optimal electrocatalytic activities toward the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalytic activity of FNSNPs was closely related to the surface energy of the main exposed facets.These findings clarified the relationship between high-index-facet and high-surface-energy FNSNPs,as promising approaches in crystal surface control engineering.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81970821)the Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Provinc(Grant No.SJCX21_0624).
文摘Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes irreversible blindness in people aged over 50 worldwide.The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is the primary cause of atrophic AMD.In the current study,we used the ComBat and Training Distribution Matching method to integrate data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We analyzed the integrated sequencing data by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.Peroxisome and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were among the top 10 pathways,and thus we selected them to construct AMD cell models to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs(circRNAs).We then constructed a competing endogenous RNA network,which is related to differentially expressed circRNAs.This network included seven circRNAs,15 microRNAs,and 82 mRNAs.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of mRNAs in this network showed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway was a common downstream event.The results of the current study may provide insights into the pathological processes of atrophic AMD.
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Development Program of Jilin Province (20220201138GX)。
文摘During oxygen evolution reaction(OER),complex changes have been reported on surfaces of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts,and regulating the dynamic evolution could improve their electrocatalytic performances.Herein,a pyrrolidone-promoted reconstruction of pentlandite was investigated to uncover the correlation between the reconstructed surface and the OER performance.The theoretical calculations indicated the preferential implantation of pyrrolidone at Fe atoms,useful for regulating the electronic structures of pentlandite.The vale nce state of Ni increased,suggesting the promotion of the in-situ reconstruction of pentlandite via strengthening hydroxyl adsorption to generate highly active NiOOH.The electron-rich pentlandite was also found conducive to charge transfer under applied voltages.The Operando Raman and various quasi-in-situ characterizations confirmed the realization of more delocalized electronic structures of pentlandite by introducing pyrrolidone.This,in turn,promoted the accumulation of hydroxyl groups on the pentlandite surface,thereby boosting the formation of highly active NiOOH at lower OER potentials.Consequently,the adsorption energies of intermediates were optimized,conducive to enhanced OER reaction kinetics.As a proof of concept,the pentlandite decorated by pyrrolidone exhibited an overpotential as low as 265 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2) coupled with stable catalysis for 1000 hours at a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).In sum,new insights into unlocking the high catalytic activity of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts were provided,promising for future synthesis of advanced catalysts.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)and prior stroke history have a high risk of cardiovascular events despite anticoagulation therapy.It is unclear whether catheter ablation(CA)has further benefits in these patients.METHODS AF patients with a previous history of stroke or systemic embolism(SE)from the prospective Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study between August 2011 and December 2020 were included in the analysis.Patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio to CA or medical treatment(MT)based on propensity score.The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death or ischemic stroke(IS)/SE.RESULTS During a total of 4.1±2.3 years of follow-up,the primary outcome occurred in 111 patients in the CA group(3.3 per 100 person-years)and in 229 patients in the MT group(5.7 per 100 person-years).The CA group had a lower risk of the primary outcome compared to the MT group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.59,95%CI:0.47–0.74,P<0.001].There was a significant decreasing risk of all-cause mortality(HR=0.43,95%CI:0.31–0.61,P<0.001),IS/SE(HR=0.73,95%CI:0.54–0.97,P=0.033),cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.54,P<0.001)and AF recurrence(HR=0.33,95%CI:0.30–0.37,P<0.001)in the CA group compared to that in the MT group.Sensitivity analysis generated consistent results when adjusting for time-dependent usage of anticoagulants.CONCLUSIONS In AF patients with a prior stroke history,CA was associated with a lower combined risk of all-cause death or IS/SE.Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the benefits of CA in these patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960100,82073972)。
文摘The family Rhyscotidae Budde-Lund,1904 contains two genera:Rhyscotoides Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978 and Rhyscotus Budde-Lund,1885.To date,twenty-one species within the family are known,occurring in the subtropic and tropic regions(Schmalfuss,2003;Schmidt,2003;Boyko et al.,2022).The members of the family can be recognized by the cephalon with a strongly inflated frons,the antennae with two-jointed flagellum,the maxillae are almost semicircular,the maxillipeds have short palpus and endite,and pleopod exopodites without pseudotracheae(Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978).Before this study,the members of Rhyscotidae were unknown in China.The present research describes a new species of the genus Rhyscotus from Hainan Island,representing a new record of the family Rhyscotidae from China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant 51222502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11172096)the Funds for State Key Laboratory of Construction Machinery(SKLCM2014-1)
文摘A new interval arithmetic method is proposed to solve interval functions with correlated intervals through which the overestimation problem existing in interval analysis could be significantly alleviated. The correlation between interval parameters is defined by the multidimensional parallelepiped model which is convenient to describe the correlative and independent interval variables in a unified framework. The original interval variables with correlation are transformed into the standard space without correlation,and then the relationship between the original variables and the standard interval variables is obtained. The expressions of four basic interval arithmetic operations, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, are given in the standard space. Finally, several numerical examples and a two-step bar are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘The ferrite decarburization behavior of 60Si2MnA spring steel wires for automotive suspensions, including the forming condition and the influence of heating time and cooling rate after hot rolling, was investigated comprehensively. Also, a control strategy during the reheating process and cooling process after rolling was put forward to protect against ferrite decarburization. The results show that ferrite decarburization, which has the strong temperature dependence due to phase transformation, is produced between 675 and 875°C. The maximum depth is found at 750°C. Heating time and cooling rate after rolling have an important influence on decarburization. Reasonable preheating temperature in the billet reheating process and austenitizing temperature in the heat-treatment process are suggested to protect against ferrite decarburization.
基金supported by Henan Province Natural Science Foundation(283v2110)
文摘Objective:To explore protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:A total of 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(A),I/R group(B),high dose of rosiglitazone(C),low dose of rosiglitazone(D).Plasm concentration of creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB,hsCRP,Superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin(ET)were measured 1 h later after I/R.24 h after I/R hearts were harvested to observe pathological and ultrastructural changes.Immunohistochemistry and western blotting was used to test CD40 expression in myocardial tissue.Area of myocardial infarction were tested,arrhythmia rate during I/R was recorded.Results:Plasm concentration of creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB,hsCRP,NO,MDA and ET were decreased in group C,D compared with group B.Plasm concentration of T-SOD and GSHPx was increased significantly in group C,D compared with group B.Compared with group B,pathological and ultrastructural changes in group C,D were slightly.Myocardial infarction area and arrhythmia rate were lower in group C,D compare with group B.Conclusions:Rosiglitazone can protect myocardium from I/R injury by enhancing T-SOD and GSH-Px concentration,inhibit inflammatory reaction,improve endothelial function,reduce oxidative stress and calcium overload.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars,China(Grant No.51222502)Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.14JJ1016)Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51490662)
文摘Most of the current evolutionary algorithms for constrained optimization algorithm are low computational efficiency. In order to improve efficiency, an improved differential evolution with shrinking space technique and adaptive trade-off model, named ATMDE, is proposed to solve constrained optimization problems. The proposed ATMDE algorithm employs an improved differential evolution as the search optimizer to generate new offspring individuals into evolutionary population. For the constraints, the adaptive trade-off model as one of the most important constraint-handling techniques is employed to select better individuals to retain into the next population,which could effectively handle multiple constraints. Then the shrinking space technique is designed to shrink the search region according to feedback information in order to improve computational efficiency without losing accuracy.The improved DE algorithm introduces three different mutant strategies to generate different offspring into evolutionary population. Moreover, a new mutant strategy called ‘‘DE/rand/best/1'' is constructed to generate new individuals according to the feasibility proportion of current population. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a suite of benchmark functions and practical engineering problems. This research presents a constrained evolutionary algorithm with high efficiency and accuracy for constrained optimization problems.
文摘Studies have shown that estrogen has neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal system.The present study established a Parkinson's disease model in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrapyridine.The mice were subjected to 17β estradiol injection into the lateral ventricle.Immunofluorescence double staining showed that estrogen increased tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin-D28K expression and co-expression in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta of model mice.Behavior experiments showed that estrogen improved swimming and hanging behaviors in this mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0502104,No. 2017YFC0503901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31870430)。
文摘Background: Global warming has brought many negative impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, which makes the vulnerability of ecosystems one of the hot issues in current ecological research. Here, we proposed an assessment method based on the IPCC definition of vulnerability. The exposure to future climate was characterized using a moisture index(MI) that integrates the effects of temperature and precipitation. Vegetation stability, defined as the proportion of intact natural vegetation that remains unchanged under changing climate, was used together with vegetation productivity trend to represent the sensitivity and adaptability of ecosystems. Using this method, we evaluated the vulnerability of ecosystems in Southwestern China under two future representative concentration pathways(RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) with MC2 dynamic global vegetation model.Results:(1) Future(2017–2100) climate change will leave 7.4%(under RCP 4.5) and 57.4% of(under RCP 8.5) of areas under high or very high vulnerable climate exposure;(2) in terms of vegetation stability, nearly 45% of the study area will show high or very high vulnerability under both RCPs. Beside the impacts of human disturbance on natural vegetation coverage(vegetation intactness), climate change will cause obvious latitudinal movements in vegetation distribution, but the direction of movements under two RCPs were opposite due to the difference in water availability;(3) vegetation productivity in most areas will generally increase and remain a low vulnerability in the future;(4) an assessment based on the above three aspects together indicated that future climate change will generally have an adverse impact on all ecosystems in Southwestern China, with non-vulnerable areas account for only about 3% of the study area under both RCPs. However, compared with RCP 4.5, the areas with mid-and highvulnerability under RCP 8.5 scenario increased by 13% and 16%, respectively.Conclusion: Analyses of future climate exposure and projected vegetation distribution indicate widespread vulnerability of ecosystems in Southwestern China, while vegetation productivity in most areas will show an increasing trend to the end of twenty-first century. Based on new climate indicators and improved vulnerability assessment rules, our method provides an extra option for a more comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem vulnerability, and should be further tested at larger spatial scales in order to provide references for regional, or even global, ecosystem conservation works.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0908803&2018YFC1312501&2016YFC0900901&2016YFC1301002&2020YFC2004803).
文摘Background It is unclear whether catheter ablation(CA)for atrial fibrillation(AF)affects the long-term prognosis in the elderly.This study aims to evaluate the relationship between CA and long-term outcomes in elderly patients with AF.Methods Patients more than 75 years old with non-valvular AF were prospectively enrolled between August 2011 and December 2017 in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study.Participants who underwent CA at baseline were propensity score matched(1:1)with those who did not receive CA.The outcome events included all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,stroke/transient ischemic attack(TIA),and cardiovascular hospitalization.Results Overall,this cohort included 571 ablated patients and 571 non-ablated patients with similar characteristics on 18 dimensions.During a mean follow-up of 39.75±19.98 months(minimum six months),24 patients died in the ablation group,compared with 60 deaths in the non-ablation group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.49,95%confidence interval(CI):0.30-0.79,P=0.0024].Besides,6 ablated and 29 non-ablated subjects died of cardiovascular disease(HR=0.25,95%CI:0.11-0.61,P=0.0022).A total of 27 ablated and 40 non-ablated patients suffered stroke/TIA(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.48-1.28,P=0.3431).In addition,140 ablated and 194 non-ablated participants suffered cardiovascular hospitalization(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.67-1.04,P=0.1084).Subgroup analyses according to gender,type of AF,time since onset of AF,and anticoagulants exposure in initiation did not show significant heterogeneity.Conclusions In elderly patients with AF,CA may be associated with a lower incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2017YFC0908803,2018YFC1312501,2020YFC2004803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82100326)Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(Z1811000001618011).
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is highly prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).However,the asso-ciation between CKD and clinical consequences in AF patients is still under debate.METHODS We included 19,079 nonvalvular AF patients with available estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)values in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry from 2011 to 2018.Patients were classified into no CKD(eGFR≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2),mild CKD(60≤eGFR<90 mL/min per 1.73 m2),moderate CKD(30≤eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2),and severe CKD(eGFR<30 mL/min per 1.73 m2)groups.The risks of thromboembolism,major bleeding,and cardiovascular mortality were estimated with Fine-Gray regression analysis according to CKD status.Cox regression was performed to assess the risk of all-cause mortal-ity associated with CKD.RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 4.1±1.9 years,there were 985 thromboembolic events,414 major bleeding events,956 car-diovascular deaths,and 1,786 all-cause deaths.After multivariate adjustment,CKD was not an independent risk factor of throm-boembolic events.As compared to patients with no CKD,those with mild CKD,moderate CKD,and severe CKD had a 45%,47%,and 133%higher risk of major bleeding,respectively.There was a graded increased risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with CKD status compared with no CKD group:adjusted hazard ratio[HR]was 1.34(95%CI:1.07−1.68,P=0.011)for mild CKD group,2.17(95%CI:1.67−2.81,P<0.0001)for moderate CKD group,and 2.95(95%CI:1.97−4.41,P<0.0001)for severe CKD group,respectively.Risk of all-cause mortality also increased among patients with moderate or severe CKD.CONCLUSIONS CKD status was independently associated with progressively higher risks of major bleeding and mortality,but didn’t seem to be an independent predictor of thromboembolism in AF patients.