Red bayberry(Morella rubra)is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published.We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the females...Red bayberry(Morella rubra)is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published.We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the femalespecific marker MrFT2_BD-SEX.The integrated map included eight linkage groups and spanned 491 cM.Eleven sexassociated markers were identified,six of which were located in linkage group 8,in agreement with the previously reported location of the sex-determining region.The MrFT2_BD-SEX marker was genotyped in 203 cultivated accessions.Among the females of the accessions,we found two female-specific alleles,designated W-b(151 bp)and W-d(129 bp).We previously found that‘Dongkui’,a female cultivar,could produce viable pollen(we refer to such plants‘Dongkui-male’)and serve as the paternal parent in crosses.The genotypes of the MrFT2_BD-SEX marker were W-b/Z in‘Biqi’and W-d/Z in‘Dongkui-male’.The progeny of a cross between these parents produced a 3:1 female(W-)to male(ZZ)ratio and the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio of W-b/W-d:W-b/Z:W-d/Z:Z/Z.In addition,the flowering and fruiting phenotypes of all the F1 progeny fit their genotypes.Our results confirm the existence of ZW sex determination and show that the female phenotype is controlled by a single dominant locus(W)in a small genomic region(59 kb and less than 3.3 cM).Furthermore,we have produced a homozygous“super female”(WW)that should produce all-female offspring in the F2 generation,providing a foundation for commercial use and presenting great potential for use in modern breeding programs.展开更多
Battery manufacturing holds great promise to build highperformance electrodes with fine-controlled microstructure,geometry and thickness.However,thick electrodes face concomitant challenge of the sluggish transport of...Battery manufacturing holds great promise to build highperformance electrodes with fine-controlled microstructure,geometry and thickness.However,thick electrodes face concomitant challenge of the sluggish transport of both electrons and Li ions.Here,we present a thick electrode with an aligned structure,as an alternative to achieve high-energy lithium-ion batteries.The freeze-drying process with the aid of gum binder and single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT)is originally developed for preparing the LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2))(NCM811)-based aligned structured thick electrode as the representative cathode electrode material.The 1-mm-thick cathode with mass loading of 101 mg·cm^(-2) achieves a high specific capacity of 203.4 mAh·g^(-1).Moreover,the as-prepared ultra-thick electrodes with a high mass loading of 538 mg·cm^(-2) and high active material content of 99.5 wt%are successfully demonstrated,delivering an extremely high areal capacity of 93.4 mAh·cm^(-2),which represents a>30-times improvement compared to that of the commercial electrode.This design opens an effective avenue for greener,scalable and sustainable manufacturing processes toward energy storage devices and other related practical applications.展开更多
Cervical spondylosis refers to degenerative changes in the sub-axial cervical spine.Symptoms caused by spondylosis include axial neck pain,cervical radiculopathy,and cervical myelopathy.One of the most commonly used s...Cervical spondylosis refers to degenerative changes in the sub-axial cervical spine.Symptoms caused by spondylosis include axial neck pain,cervical radiculopathy,and cervical myelopathy.One of the most commonly used surgical treatments is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF);it is reported that ACDF leads to the development of progressive adjacent segment degeneration(ASD)in over 90%of the patients with up to 25.6%requiring reoperations due to symptomatic ASD.展开更多
A control algorithm for a 3-RPS parallel platform driven by pneumatic cylinders is discussed. All cylinders are controlled by proportional directional valves while the kinematic and dynamic properties of the system ar...A control algorithm for a 3-RPS parallel platform driven by pneumatic cylinders is discussed. All cylinders are controlled by proportional directional valves while the kinematic and dynamic properties of the system are modeled. The method of adaptive robust control is applied to the controller using a back-stepping approach and online parameter estimation. To compensate for the uncertainty and the influence caused by estimations, a fast dynamic compensator is integrated in the controller design. To prevent any influence caused by the load applied to the moving platform changing in a practical working situation, the identification of parameters is taken as the initialization of unknown parameters in the controller, which can improve the adaptability of the algorithm. Using these methods, the response rate of the parameter estimation and control performance were improved significantly.The adverse effects of load and restriction forces were eliminated by the initialization and online estimation.Experiments under different situations illustrated the effectiveness of the adaptive robust controller with parameter initialization, approaching average tracking errors of less than 1%.展开更多
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(31972364)Yuyao Forestry Technology Extension Center.H.M.J.was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901985).Z.S.G.,Y.J.,C.Y.C.were funded by a Ningbo Science and Technology Research Grant(contract no 2016C10021).
文摘Red bayberry(Morella rubra)is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published.We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the femalespecific marker MrFT2_BD-SEX.The integrated map included eight linkage groups and spanned 491 cM.Eleven sexassociated markers were identified,six of which were located in linkage group 8,in agreement with the previously reported location of the sex-determining region.The MrFT2_BD-SEX marker was genotyped in 203 cultivated accessions.Among the females of the accessions,we found two female-specific alleles,designated W-b(151 bp)and W-d(129 bp).We previously found that‘Dongkui’,a female cultivar,could produce viable pollen(we refer to such plants‘Dongkui-male’)and serve as the paternal parent in crosses.The genotypes of the MrFT2_BD-SEX marker were W-b/Z in‘Biqi’and W-d/Z in‘Dongkui-male’.The progeny of a cross between these parents produced a 3:1 female(W-)to male(ZZ)ratio and the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio of W-b/W-d:W-b/Z:W-d/Z:Z/Z.In addition,the flowering and fruiting phenotypes of all the F1 progeny fit their genotypes.Our results confirm the existence of ZW sex determination and show that the female phenotype is controlled by a single dominant locus(W)in a small genomic region(59 kb and less than 3.3 cM).Furthermore,we have produced a homozygous“super female”(WW)that should produce all-female offspring in the F2 generation,providing a foundation for commercial use and presenting great potential for use in modern breeding programs.
基金supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(No.2012C10012)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2012C12904)the Yuyao Financial Bureau for Chinese Bayberry Breeding Program,China
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0100300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1864213 and 51871113)the Key Project of Scientific Research Plan of Colleges and Universities in Xinjiang(No.XJEDU2018I015).
文摘Battery manufacturing holds great promise to build highperformance electrodes with fine-controlled microstructure,geometry and thickness.However,thick electrodes face concomitant challenge of the sluggish transport of both electrons and Li ions.Here,we present a thick electrode with an aligned structure,as an alternative to achieve high-energy lithium-ion batteries.The freeze-drying process with the aid of gum binder and single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT)is originally developed for preparing the LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2))(NCM811)-based aligned structured thick electrode as the representative cathode electrode material.The 1-mm-thick cathode with mass loading of 101 mg·cm^(-2) achieves a high specific capacity of 203.4 mAh·g^(-1).Moreover,the as-prepared ultra-thick electrodes with a high mass loading of 538 mg·cm^(-2) and high active material content of 99.5 wt%are successfully demonstrated,delivering an extremely high areal capacity of 93.4 mAh·cm^(-2),which represents a>30-times improvement compared to that of the commercial electrode.This design opens an effective avenue for greener,scalable and sustainable manufacturing processes toward energy storage devices and other related practical applications.
基金This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health(1R03AG056897),and the first author was funded by a doctor scholarship(GZSYBS[2017]12)from the Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital,Guiyang,China.
文摘Cervical spondylosis refers to degenerative changes in the sub-axial cervical spine.Symptoms caused by spondylosis include axial neck pain,cervical radiculopathy,and cervical myelopathy.One of the most commonly used surgical treatments is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF);it is reported that ACDF leads to the development of progressive adjacent segment degeneration(ASD)in over 90%of the patients with up to 25.6%requiring reoperations due to symptomatic ASD.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51375430)
文摘A control algorithm for a 3-RPS parallel platform driven by pneumatic cylinders is discussed. All cylinders are controlled by proportional directional valves while the kinematic and dynamic properties of the system are modeled. The method of adaptive robust control is applied to the controller using a back-stepping approach and online parameter estimation. To compensate for the uncertainty and the influence caused by estimations, a fast dynamic compensator is integrated in the controller design. To prevent any influence caused by the load applied to the moving platform changing in a practical working situation, the identification of parameters is taken as the initialization of unknown parameters in the controller, which can improve the adaptability of the algorithm. Using these methods, the response rate of the parameter estimation and control performance were improved significantly.The adverse effects of load and restriction forces were eliminated by the initialization and online estimation.Experiments under different situations illustrated the effectiveness of the adaptive robust controller with parameter initialization, approaching average tracking errors of less than 1%.
