Adenosine 2A receptor contributes to the facilitation of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome by γδ T cells via the PKA/CREB/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Immunological dysfunction-induced low-grade inflammation is regarded as one of the predominant pathogenetic mechanisms in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS).γδT cells play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity.Adenosine receptors expressed on the surface ofγδT cells participate in intestinal inflammation and immunity regulation.AIM To investigate the role ofγδT cell regulated by adenosine 2A receptor(A2AR)in PI-IBS.METHODS The PI-IBS mouse model has been established with Trichinella spiralis(T.spiralis)infection.The intestinal A2AR and A2AR inγδT cells were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the inflammatory cytokines were measured by western blot.The role of A2AR on the isolatedγδT cells,including proliferation,apoptosis,and cytokine production,were evaluated in vitro.Their A2AR expression was measured by western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The animals were administered with A2AR agonist,or A2AR antagonist.Besides,γδT cells were also injected back into the animals,and the parameters described above were examined,as well as the clinical features.Furthermore,the A2AR-associated signaling pathway molecules were assessed by western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS PI-IBS mice exhibited elevated ATP content and A2AR expression(P<0.05),and suppression of A2AR enhanced PI-IBS clinical characteristics,indicated by the abdominal withdrawal reflex and colon transportation test.PI-IBS was associated with an increase in intestinal T cells,and cytokine levels of interleukin-1(IL-1),IL-6,IL-17A,and interferon-α(IFN-α).Also,γδT cells expressed A2AR in vitro and generated IL-1,IL-6,IL-17A,and IFN-α,which can be controlled by A2AR agonist and antagonist.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the A2AR antagonist improved the function ofγδT cells through the PKA/CREB/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Our results revealed that A2AR contributes to the facilitation of PI-IBS by regulating the function ofγδT cells via the PKA/CREB/NF-κB signaling pathway.

FinBrain: when finance meets AI 2.0

Artificial intelligence(AI)is the core technology of technological revolution and industrial transformation.As one of the new intelligent needs in the AI 2.0 era,financial intelligence has elicited much attention from the academia and industry.In our current dynamic capital market,financial intelligence demonstrates a fast and accurate machine learning capability to handle complex data and has gradually acquired the potential to become a'financial brain.'In this paper,we survey existing studies on financial intelligence.First,we describe the concept of financial intelligence and elaborate on its position in the financial technology field.Second,we introduce the development of financial intelligence and review state-of-the-art techniques in wealth management,risk management,financial security,financial consulting,and blockchain.Finally,we propose a research framework called FinBrain and summarize four open issues,namely,explainable financial agents and causality,perception and prediction under uncertainty,risk-sensitive and robust decision-making,and multi-agent game and mechanism design.We believe that these research directions can lay the foundation for the development of AI 2.0 in the finance field.

Comprehensive Shape Control Technology for CSP Hot Strip Mills

With the increasing demand on higher strip quality, the profile and flatness of hot rolling strips have become subjects of concern, particularly for compact strip product(CSP) hot strip mills. Based on the roll contour, control model, and rolling process, a comprehensive shape control technology is proposed and applied to CSP hot strip mill of Lianyuan steel, which includes optimization and design of the work roll contour and varying contact back-up roll(VCR) plus backup roll contour, analysis of the flatness feedback control model, as well as improvement of the rolling process control system. The application of the technology has significantly improved the shape control performance. The roll wear is improved and the general roll consumption of the finishing mill is reduced by 29.86%.The percentages that satisfy the control target ranges of the average strip flatness and crown are increased by approximately 15.40%and 14.82%, respectively. The rejection rate of grade Q235 due to shape quality problem is reduced monthly by 39.69%, which creates significant economic benefits for the plant.