Management and classification of the fracture of lateral process of talus:An overview and literature update

Fracture of the lateral process of the talus(FLPT)is uncommon in clinical practice and can be easily missed or misdiagnosed.In recent years,as researchers from all over the world have further deepened their research on FLPT,there has been a breakthrough in the classification,and the methods and principles of clinical management have changed accordingly;however,there is still no standardized guideline for the diagnosis and management of FLPT,and there have been few relevant literature review articles related to this kind of fracture in the past at least 5 years.In this article,we review the clinical classification,classification-based therapeutic recommendations,and prognosis of FLPT,with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis and management of this infrequent fracture.

Macrophage-secreted exosomes inhibit breast cancer cell migration via the miR-101-3p/DLG5 axis

Objective:To investigate the role of macrophages in regulating breast cancer cell migration and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1-secreted exosomes were isolated using multi-step ultracentrifugation and verified using nanoparticle tracking analysis.Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using RNA sequencing.Overexpression of inhibitors of hsa-miR-101-3p in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was performed by infecting their lentiviral constructs.The luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the interaction of DLG5 and miR-101.DGL5 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses.Results:The migration of breast cancer cells was significantly inhibited after addition of exosomes.RNA sequencing results showed that miR-101-3p expression was significantly upregulated.Targetscan analysis predicted that miR-101-3p could target DLG5,and this prediction was verified using the luciferase assay.The addition of the miR-101-3p precursor significantly increased the expression of miR-101-3p,and the mRNA and protein levels of DLG5 were suppressed.In contrast,inhibiting the expression of miR-101-3p increased the mRNA and protein levels of DLG5.Furthermore,the scratch assay showed that inhibiting miR-101-3p could promote the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.Conclusions:Macrophage exosomes can inhibit the migration of breast cancer cells,and increasing the expression of miR-101-3p to inhibit DLG5 expression may play an important role in this process,which needs further investigation.

Increasing linear flux range of SQUID amplifier using self-feedback effect

Superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs) are low-noise amplifiers that are essential for the readouts of translation edge sensors(TESs). The linear flux range is an important parameter for SQUID amplifiers, especially those controlled by high-bandwidth digital flux-locked-loop circuits. A large linear flux range conduces to accurately measuring the input signal and also increasing the multiplexing factor in the time-division multiplexed(TDM) readout scheme of the TES array. In this work, we report that the linear flux range of an SQUID can be improved by using self-feedback effect. When the SQUID loop is designed to be asymmetric, a voltage-biased SQUID shows an asymmetric current–flux(I–Φ) response curve. The linear flux range is improved along the I–Φ curve with a shallow slope. The experimental results accord well with the numerical simulations. The asymmetric SQUID will be able to serve as a building block in the development of the TDM readout systems for large TES arrays.

云克和玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎合并滑膜炎的疗效观察

目的探讨与观察云克和玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)合并滑膜炎的疗效。方法选取2014年6月—2017年2月海南医学院第一附属医院诊治的KOA合并滑膜炎患者60例。根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,对照组给予玻璃酸钠治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础给予云克治疗,都治疗观察两疗程。结果观察组与对照组总有效率为96.7%和76.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两组治疗后的VAS评分降低,Lysholm评分升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),治疗后观察组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后观察组与对照组的CRP分别为(4.76±3.42)和(11.14±3.19)mg/L,均低于治疗前的(27.44±8.24)和(26.98±7.13)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),观察组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组与对照组治疗后的外周血CD3^+值和CD3^+CD8^+值均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),观察组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论云克和玻璃酸钠治疗KOA合并滑膜炎能促进机体免疫功能的恢复,快速缓解和改善膝关节疼痛,促进CRP降低,从而提高治疗疗效。

Apelin-13 as a novel target for intervention in secondary injury after traumatic brain injury

The adipocytokine,apelin-13,is an abundantly expressed peptide in the nervous system.Apelin-13 protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury and attenuates traumatic brain injury by suppressing autophagy.However,secondary apelin-13 effects on traumatic brain injury-induced neural cell death and blood-brain barrier integrity are still not clear.Here,we found that apelin-13 significantly decreases cerebral water content,mitigates blood-brain barrier destruction,reduces aquaporin-4 expression,diminishes caspase-3 and Bax expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus,and reduces apoptosis.These results show that apelin-13 attenuates secondary injury after traumatic brain injury and exerts a neuroprotective effect.

Effects of TAM-derived exosomes on migration and invasion of MDA-MB- 231 cells in triple negative breast cancer

Objective:To investigate the effects of exosomes derived from tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)on migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in triple negative breast cancer.Methods:The MDA-MB-231 cells,a human breast cancer cell line,were divided into the experimental group and the blank control group.The exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(THP-1)by a multi-step ultracentrifugal procedure.The effects of exosomes on migration and invasion of MDAMB-231 cells were studied by endocytosis assay of exosomes,Transwell migration assay and Celigo scratch assay.Results:Exosomes were ingested and endocytosed by MDAMB-231 cells,brought into the cytoplasm at 3h and enriched significantly at 6h.Compared with the blank control group,the number of metastatic cells in the Transwell compartment(241±3.35)and its variation relative to normal cells(144±2.33)in the experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The 24 h migration rate of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with exosomes in the scratch assay showed similar results(39.86±3.47 in the experimental group vs.24.48±2.97 in the control group,P<0.05).Conclusion:TAM-derived exosomes can be ingested and endocytosed by MDA-MB-231 cells,and promote their migration and invasion in vitro.

Effect of chronic sleep deprivation on peak bone mass in rats: An experimental study

Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation(CSD)on bone microstructure and peak bone mass(PBM)in SD rats.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into CSD group and control group.In the CSD group,a CSD model was established using a new sleep deprivation instrument for rats and mice,and intervened for 5 weeks.Bone turnover markers including P1NP and CTX-1 before and after the experiment were observed.After the experiment,the left femur were scanned by Micro-CT,and the cortical bone and bone trabecula were three-dimensionally reconstructed,respectively.The bone mineral density(BMD)and relevant parameters were detected.Results:CT images of the femur(proximal ends)showed significant trabecular loss in CSD rats.Trabecular parameters including bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular number(Tb.N)and trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)in the CSD group were all lower than those in the control group.The bone cortex of the middle segment of the femur and tibia in CSD rats was also lower than that in the control group.The parameters of bone cortex including total tissue area(Tt.Ar),cortical bone area(Ct.Ar)and cortical bone thickness(Ct.Th)in the CSD group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).After chronic CSD,BMD of both bone trabecula and bone cortex of the femur was lower,while the corresponding P1NP and CTX-1 were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusion:Sleep plays an important role in PBM formation.CSD accelerates bone turnover and thus significantly reducing PBM in SD rats.

Comparative study of 99Tc-MDP and zoledronic acid in the treatment of osteoporosis

Objective:To compare the efficacy and mechanism of zoledronic acid and Tc-MDP in the treatment of osteoporosis.Methods:From July 2011 to November 2015,232 patients with primary osteoporosis were selected and treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College were selected and were divided into the 116 patients in the Tc-MDP group and 116 patients in the zoledronic acid group accorded to the treatment ways.The zoledronic acid group were given zoledronic acid treatment,1 time in one year.The Tc-MDP group were given Tc-MDP treatment,and the treatment were treated for 10 days for 1 course,1 course for 3 months,and a total of 3 years of treatment were observed.The prognosis and the changes of bone mineral density and hematological parameters were recorded.Results:The total effective rates of the zoledronic acid group and Tc-MDP group were 99.1%and 90.0%,respectively,and the zoledronic acid group were significantly higher than the Tc-MDP group(P<0.05).The bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and hip after treatment were significantly higher than that of the two groups before treatment,and the zoledronic acid group were also significantly higher than the Tc-MDP group(P<0.05).The joint tenderness scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the Tc-MDP group were also significantly lower than the zoledronic acid group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in serum calcium and blood phosphorus levels compared between the two groups(P>0.05),and the erythroeyte sedimentation rate(ESR)levels were lower than before treatment(P<0.05),The ESR levels of the Tc-MDP group were also significantly lower than that of the zoledronic acid group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The zoledronic acid and the application of Tc-MDP in the treatment of osteoporosis can increase bone density,relieve joint tenderness symptoms,reduce ESR content,and will not affect patients'blood calcium and blood phosphorus levels.However,zoledronic acid increases bone density significantly are better than the Yunke,and Yunke relieves joint pain significantly are more than zoledronic acid.

Clinical observation of bone metabolism before and after131I treatment in premanopause adult female hyperthyroidism patients with low bone mass

Objective:To observe the bone metabolism before and after131I treatment in premanopause female hyperthyroidism patients with low bone mass patients of different age.Methods:A total of 78 premanopause female patients hyperthyroidism with low bone mass were divided into two different age groups: premanopause female patients less than 35 years old in group A (n=38). Patients above 35 in group B (n = 40). 78 healthy adults of same age were enrolled as the control group. The bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers including type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP),β-C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (β-CTx) of two groups were measured before and 6 months and 12 months after 131I treatment to observe the bone metabolism and the restorablility of BMD.Results: After prolonged treatment with131I, PINP andβ-CTX of group A decreased and BMD increased gradually in a time-dependence way. And there was no significant difference when compared to the normal after 12 months. PINP andβ-CTX of group B decreased gradually, after 12 months, BMD of group B restored when compared to the level of before treatment but lower than group A.Conclusions: In young female hyperthyroidism patients with low bone mass (<35 years), BMD can be restored to normal levels as reversing of high bone turnover after131I treatment. Short-term clinical observation showed that high bone turnover was reduced partly in premanopause female patients (>35 years) treated only with131I , but still at a high level, BMD can not restored completely.

Air-core characteristics in a swirling tunnel flow

A cost-effective technique to dissipate the energy in hydropower systems is the formation of a swirling flow within a tunnel.In such flows,an air core with a significant cross section usually occurs.To reveal the air-core features in the horizontal tunnel of a high-head shaft spillway,laboratory tests,numerical modeling,and prototype observations are performed,to examine issues such as the formation of the air core,the interjacent air motion,the air-carrying capacity,and the scale effects.It is shown that the shape of the air core varies greatly in the axial and radial directions along the tunnel and that the center of the core deviates from the axis of the tunnel.The motion of the air within the core is caused by the combined action of the water entrainment on the inner surface of the swirling flow and the axial pressure difference in the air core.The aeration process can be divided into five processes with respect to the changes of the gate openings.A theoretical expression is established for the air-carrying capacity of the swirling flow.The vacuum degree is the similarity condition of the air-carrying capacity of the swirling flow between the model and prototype tests based on the Froude law of the similitude,and this similarity condition is verified by both the model and prototype results.This work provides a reference for the application of the swirling flows in horizontal hydropower tunnels.

Benzosuberyl Substituents as a"Sandwich-like"Function in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis

For the rational design of metal catalyst in olefin polymerization catalysis,various strategies were applied to suppress the chain transfer by bulking up the axial positions of the metal center,among which the"sandwich"type turned out to be an eficient category in achieving high molecular weight polyolefin.In the a-dimine system,the"sandwich"type catalysts were built using the typical 8-aryl-naphthyI framework.In this contribution,by introducing the rotationally restrained benzosuberyl substituent into the ortho-position of N-aryl rings,a new class of "sandwich-like"a-diimine nickel catalysts was constructed and fully identified.The rotationally restrained benzosuberyl substituents played a"sandwich-like"function by capping the nickel center from two axial sites.Compared to the nickel catalyst Ni1 bearing freely rotated benzhydryl substituent,Ni2 featuring benzosubery|substituent enabled the increase(8 times)of polymer molecular weights from 8 kDa to 65 kDa in the polymerization of ethylene.By further increasing the steric bulk of another ortho-site of the N-aryl ring,the polymer molecular weight even reached an ultrahigh level of 833 kDa(Mw=1857 kDa)using the optimized Ni3.Notably,these nickel catalysts could also mediate the copolymerization of ethylene with methyl 10-undecenoate,with Ni3 giving the highest copolymer molecular weight(88 kDa)and the highest incorporation of comonmer(2.0 mol1%),along with high activity of up to 10^(5)g·mol^(-1)·h^(-1).

Erosive Pustular Dermatosis of the Scalp After Excision and Skin Grafting of Scalp Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Introduction:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp(EPDS)is an uncommon condition with unknown etiology.The clinical exclusive diagnosis needs to be differentiated from similar diseases.Case presentation:A 68-year-old woman presented with an eight-month history of a chronic scalp eruption.She had been diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy nine months ago,and had been treated by surgical excision and skin grafting.One month later,she was referred for evaluation of the newly enlarged lesion which was observed at the skin grafting site.She was diagnosed of EPDS based on characteristics of lesions,clinicopathological findings and laboratory data.The condition had clinically improved with systemic steroid therapy and topical tacrolimus for two weeks.Relapses occurred after complete withdrawal of both treatments.After repeating the above therapy and applying topical tacrolimus as maintenance therapy,the condition was well controlled at the one-year follow-up.Discussion:EPDS is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis with main incidence rate of elderly patients and female predominance.The diagnosis of EPDS cant be made only by histopathological examination,which is helpful for differential diagnosis.Microbiological investigations commonly remain negative.For the high risk of relapse,it is important for clinicians to be aware of maintenance treatment and a long-term management.Conclusion:It should be recognized by clinicians that EPDS is an uncommon and relapse disease,leading to serious cosmetic problems.The treatment lacks evidence-based medicine data,clinician should choose the appropriate therapy according to the condition of patients.