Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),a complex structure with high toxicity,is a common organic pollutant.This study investigated the effects of fresh biochar(FBC),and freeze-thaw cycled aged biochar(FTC-BC)on DEHP-contami...Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),a complex structure with high toxicity,is a common organic pollutant.This study investigated the effects of fresh biochar(FBC),and freeze-thaw cycled aged biochar(FTC-BC)on DEHP-contaminated soils using a pot experiment.The specific surface area of FBC increased from 145.20 to 303.50 m~2/g,and oxygen-containing functional groups increased from 1.26 to 1.48 mol/g after freeze-thaw cycles,greatly enhancing the adsorption of DEHP by biochar in the soil.The comprehensive radar chart evaluation showed that FBC and FTC-BC reduced DEHP growth stress and improved the soil properties.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC performed better in protecting the normal growth of pakchoi and improving soil properties.In addition,the application of biochar increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the DEHP-contaminated soil and changed the composition of the soil bacterial community.The partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)showed that adding biochar as a soil remediation agent significantly positively impacted soil nutrients and indirectly reduced the DEHP levels in soil and plants by increasing soil microbial diversity.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC creates a more satisfactory living environment for microorganisms and has a better effect on the degradation of DEHP in the soil.This study provides a theoretical basis for future biochar remediation of DEHP-contaminated soils in cold high-latitude regions.展开更多
Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and low risk of Parkinson disease(PD).As a major component of tobacco smoke,nicotine has been proposed to be a substance for preve...Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and low risk of Parkinson disease(PD).As a major component of tobacco smoke,nicotine has been proposed to be a substance for preventing against PD risk,with a key role in regulating striatal activity and behaviors mediated through the dopaminergic system.Animal studies also showed that nicotine could modulate dopamine transmission and reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias.However,previous clinical trials yield controversial results regarding nicotine treatment.In this review,we updated epidemiological,preclinical and clinical data,and studies on nicotine from diet.We also reviewed interactions between genetic factors and cigarette smoking.As a small amount of nicotine can saturate a substantial portion of nicotine receptors in the brain,nicotine from other sources,such as diet,could be a promising therapeutic substance for protection against PD.展开更多
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U21A20238)the Strategic Pilot Project of Science and Technology in CAS (No.XDA28010502)+1 种基金the major projects of research and development program of application technology of Heilongjiang Province of China (No.GA19B105)the Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Protection and Remediation。
文摘Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),a complex structure with high toxicity,is a common organic pollutant.This study investigated the effects of fresh biochar(FBC),and freeze-thaw cycled aged biochar(FTC-BC)on DEHP-contaminated soils using a pot experiment.The specific surface area of FBC increased from 145.20 to 303.50 m~2/g,and oxygen-containing functional groups increased from 1.26 to 1.48 mol/g after freeze-thaw cycles,greatly enhancing the adsorption of DEHP by biochar in the soil.The comprehensive radar chart evaluation showed that FBC and FTC-BC reduced DEHP growth stress and improved the soil properties.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC performed better in protecting the normal growth of pakchoi and improving soil properties.In addition,the application of biochar increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the DEHP-contaminated soil and changed the composition of the soil bacterial community.The partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)showed that adding biochar as a soil remediation agent significantly positively impacted soil nutrients and indirectly reduced the DEHP levels in soil and plants by increasing soil microbial diversity.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC creates a more satisfactory living environment for microorganisms and has a better effect on the degradation of DEHP in the soil.This study provides a theoretical basis for future biochar remediation of DEHP-contaminated soils in cold high-latitude regions.
基金This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health(NINDS R03 NS09324501A1 and NINDS/NIH 1R21NS087235-01A1 to to X.G.).
文摘Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and low risk of Parkinson disease(PD).As a major component of tobacco smoke,nicotine has been proposed to be a substance for preventing against PD risk,with a key role in regulating striatal activity and behaviors mediated through the dopaminergic system.Animal studies also showed that nicotine could modulate dopamine transmission and reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias.However,previous clinical trials yield controversial results regarding nicotine treatment.In this review,we updated epidemiological,preclinical and clinical data,and studies on nicotine from diet.We also reviewed interactions between genetic factors and cigarette smoking.As a small amount of nicotine can saturate a substantial portion of nicotine receptors in the brain,nicotine from other sources,such as diet,could be a promising therapeutic substance for protection against PD.
