Currently,the origin and early transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2 remain unknown.The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor(TMRCA)of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to be mid-October or November of 2019(Pekar et al.,20...Currently,the origin and early transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2 remain unknown.The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor(TMRCA)of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to be mid-October or November of 2019(Pekar et al.,2021;van Dorp et al.,2020)by using a small number of early samples which may not cover full lineages of its evolutionary tree.Available methods of estimating TMRCA of viruses(Drummond et al.,2003)are often time-consuming and thus constrained by using big data.展开更多
Influenza A virus has caused huge damage to human health and poultry production worldwide,but its global transmission patterns and influencing factors remain unclear.Here,by using the Nearest Genetic Distance Approach...Influenza A virus has caused huge damage to human health and poultry production worldwide,but its global transmission patterns and influencing factors remain unclear.Here,by using the Nearest Genetic Distance Approach with genetic sequences data,we reconstructed the global transmission patterns of 4 most common subtypes of influenza A virus(H1N1,H3N2,H5N1,and H7N9)and analyzed associations of transmission velocity of these influenza viruses with environmental factors.We found that the transmission patterns of influenza viruses and their associations with environmental factors were closely related to their host properties.H1N1 and H3N2,which are mainly held by humans,are transmitted between regions at high velocity and over long distances,which may be due to human transportation via airplane;while H5N1 and H7N9,which are mainly carried by animals,are transmitted locally at short distances and at low velocity,which may be facilitated by poultry transportation via railways or high ways.H1N1 and H3N2 spread faster in cold seasons,while H5N1 spread faster in both cold and warm seasons,and H7N9 spread faster in wet seasons.H1N1,H3N2,and H5N1 spread faster in places with both high and low human densities.Our study provided novel insights into the global transmission patterns,processes,and management strategies for influenza under accelerated global change.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2021YFC0863400)the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science (E0517111,E122G611)。
文摘Currently,the origin and early transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2 remain unknown.The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor(TMRCA)of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to be mid-October or November of 2019(Pekar et al.,2021;van Dorp et al.,2020)by using a small number of early samples which may not cover full lineages of its evolutionary tree.Available methods of estimating TMRCA of viruses(Drummond et al.,2003)are often time-consuming and thus constrained by using big data.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.3191101787,31970153,31630079)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0500206)+1 种基金the IUBS/ISZS program of“Biological Consequences of Global Change”,and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29010000)J.L.is supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019091).
文摘Influenza A virus has caused huge damage to human health and poultry production worldwide,but its global transmission patterns and influencing factors remain unclear.Here,by using the Nearest Genetic Distance Approach with genetic sequences data,we reconstructed the global transmission patterns of 4 most common subtypes of influenza A virus(H1N1,H3N2,H5N1,and H7N9)and analyzed associations of transmission velocity of these influenza viruses with environmental factors.We found that the transmission patterns of influenza viruses and their associations with environmental factors were closely related to their host properties.H1N1 and H3N2,which are mainly held by humans,are transmitted between regions at high velocity and over long distances,which may be due to human transportation via airplane;while H5N1 and H7N9,which are mainly carried by animals,are transmitted locally at short distances and at low velocity,which may be facilitated by poultry transportation via railways or high ways.H1N1 and H3N2 spread faster in cold seasons,while H5N1 spread faster in both cold and warm seasons,and H7N9 spread faster in wet seasons.H1N1,H3N2,and H5N1 spread faster in places with both high and low human densities.Our study provided novel insights into the global transmission patterns,processes,and management strategies for influenza under accelerated global change.
