PtCoNi ternary intermetallic compounds anchored on Co,Ni and N co-doped mesoporous carbon:Synergetic effect between PtCoNi nanoparticles and doped mesoporous carbon promotes the catalytic activity

Highly active and robust electrocatalysts are desired for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.Pt-based intermetallic compounds(IMCs) have been recognized as one of the most promising low-platinum catalysts for fuel cells(FCs).Herein,we report a high-performance IMCs by anchoring ordered PtCoNi ternary nanoparticles on the N,Co and Ni co-doped dodecahedral mesoporous carbon(DMC).While the introduced Co and Ni participate in the formation of PtCoNi IMCs,some of them are doped in the mesoporous carbon and coordinated by N to form Co-N_(y)/Ni-N_(z)dual active centers,which further enhances the electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction.Moreover,the addition of Ni results in a negative shift of the d-band center of Pt as compared to the Pt/DMC and Pt_(3)Co/DMC,making it easier to adsorb oxygen on the surface.As expected,our optimal sample Pt_(3)Co_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)/DMC exhibits excellent performance with mass activity and specific activity of 1.32 A mgPt-1and 1.98 mA cm^(-2)at 0.9 V,which are 7.33and 6.19 times that of commercial Pt/C,respectively.The Pt_(3)Co_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)/DMC also reveals much better cathodic performance in an H2-air single fuel cell than commercial Pt/C catalyst with a power density of0.802 W cm^(-2).This work provides critical sights into constructing efficient catalysts by ternary intermetallic strategy and synergetic effect between active components and support.

Radical Arbuzov Reaction

The Arbuzov reaction(also known as the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction)is one of the most fundamental transformations in organic chemistry and has been extensively used for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds for over a century.However,the reaction generally requires an elevated temperature and is applicable mainly to primary alkyl halides with poor functional group tolerance.We report herein a radical alternative to the conventional nucleophilic substitution reaction.Thus,new radical phosphonylation reagents,9-fluorenyl o-phenylene phosphite and benzhydryl o-phenylene phosphite,have been developed for this purpose.The photoredox-catalyzed reaction of a wide range of alkyl bromides or iodides with 9-fluorenyl(or benzhydryl)o-phenylene phosphite followed by workup with methanol(or ethanol)provides the corresponding dimethyl(or diethyl)alkylphosphonates in satisfactory yields at room temperature under mild conditions.The method is applicable to primary,secondary,and even tertiary alkyl iodides and bromides and exhibits an excellent functional group tolerance,thereby enabling the late-stage modification of complex molecules and rapid synthesis of phosphonate-containing natural products and drug molecules.A mechanism involving the formation and subsequentβ-scission of phosphoranyl radicals is proposed.

Pt基金属间化合物及其在质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原反应中的应用

质子交换膜燃料电池是一种能够将燃料的化学能直接高效地和环境友好地转化为电能的绿色能源技术。质子交换膜燃料电池具有能量转化效率高、启动快速、零排放或者低排放等优点,被认为是后石油时代最为重要的能源替代技术之一。然而目前使用的电催化剂存在铂用量高和稳定性不足等问题。开发高性能低Pt催化剂对于降低质子交换膜燃料电池成本、促进质子交换膜燃料电池的大规模商业化应用具有十分重要的意义。Pt基金属间化合物是一类具有严格元素化学计量比和规整原子排列结构的合金化合物,其氧还原反应催化活性明显优于相应的Pt基无序合金及纯Pt催化剂,被认为是最具应用前景的低Pt催化剂之一。本文着重从催化机理、制备技术、组成调控、颗粒度调控、形貌调控和晶体结构等几个方面介绍了Pt基金属间化合物催化剂近来的研究进展,以及这类催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原反应中的应用研究情况,指出了这类催化剂目前尚存在的不足及挑战,并展望了未来的研究发展思路及方向。

Surface composition-tunable octahedral PtCu nanoalloys advance the electrocatalytic performance on methanol and ethanol oxidation

The synthesis of surface composition-tunable Pt-based octahedral nanoalloys is key to unravel the structureproperty relationship in fuel cells. Herein, we report a facile route to prepare composition-tunable Pt Cu octahedral nanoalloys by using halogen ions(Br-or/and I-) as composition modulators. Among these Pt Cu octahedral nanoalloys,Pt59 Cu41 octahedron exhibits the highest catalytic activity and durability in alkaline solution. The specific activity/mass activity of Pt59 Cu41 octahedron is 20.25 m A cm^-2/3.24 A mg^-1 Pt,which is 6.64/5.3 times higher than commercial Pt black in 0.5 mol L^-1 CH3 OH, respectively. In the case of using ethanol(0.5 mol L^-1) as fuel source, Pt59 Cu41 octahedron shows much better catalytic activity, that is 34.84 m A cm^-2/5.58 A mg^-1 Pt for specific activity/mass activity, which is 9.16/7.34 times higher than commercial Pt black, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to detect the intermediate species and products for methanol/ethanol oxidation reaction and a plausible mechanism is proposed to explain the improved activity and durability of Pt59 Cu41 octahedron toward methanol/ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium.

Copper-Catalyzed Carbotrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Driven by Trifluoromethylation of Alkyl Radicals

Summary of main observation and conclusion We report herein an unprecedented protocol for radical carbotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes. With Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst, the reaction of unactivated alkenes, TMSCF3 and activated alkyl chlorides at room temperature provides the corresponding carbotrifluoromethylation products in satisfactory yields. Directed by trifluoromethylation of alkyl radicals, the method exhibits an excellent regioselectivity that is opposite to those driven by CF3 radical addition.

Trifluoromethylation of Alkyl Radicals: Breakthrough and Challenges

Trifuoromethylation of alkyl radicals is emerging as a powerful tool for C(sp3)-CFs bond formations.Based on the hypothesis of CF3 group transfer from Cu(Ⅱ)-CFs3 to alkyl radicals,a number of tifuoromethylation reactions have been developed,including tifloromethylation of alkyl halides,decarboxyla-tive trifluoromethylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids,C(sp'H-H tifluoromethylation,amino-and carbo-tifluoromethylation of alkenes,etc.Challenges in this intriguing field are also discussed.

Special issue on organic free radical chemistry

The discipline of organic free radical chemistry dates back over 110 years since the discovery of triphenylmethyl radical by Moses Gomberg in 1900.Organic radical reactions became a thriving field in synthetic organic chemistry for a decade or so starting from the mid 1980s.Nevertheless,the significance of radicals in organic synthesis somehow remained hidden for a long period of time.The 1990s saw a renaissance of stereoselective radical reactions once deemed unattainable.The turn of the 20th century led to the development of new ways to carry out stereoselective radical reactions using organocatalysts.In the past decade,we have witnessed new directions for organic radical chemistry.

Silver-Mediated N-Trifluoromethylation of Amides and Peptides

Summary of main observation and conclusion We report herein the direct N-trifluoromethylation of N-H amides.Promoted by AgOTf and 2-fluoro-pyridine,the reaction of a variety of amides with Selectfluor,TMSCF3 and CsF proceeds smoothly at room temperature leading to the corresponding N-trifluoromethylated products in satisfactory yields.The protocol is also applicable to amino acid derivatives,resulting in efficient and chemoselective W-trifluoromethylation of di-and tri-peptides with retention of configuration.A mechanism involving reductive elimination of Ag(Ⅲ)intermediates to form N—CF3 bonds is proposed.