With the growth of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,many services delivery is gaining more attention from the intelligent transportation system.However,mobility characteristics of vehicular networks cause frequent disconnect...With the growth of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,many services delivery is gaining more attention from the intelligent transportation system.However,mobility characteristics of vehicular networks cause frequent disconnection of routes,especially during the delivery of data.In both developed and developing countries,a lot of time is consumed due to traffic congestion.This has significant negative consequences,including driver stress due to increased time demand,decreased productivity for various personalized and commercial vehicles,and increased emissions of hazardous gases especially air polluting gases are impacting public health in highly populated areas.Clustering is one of the most powerful strategies for achieving a consistent topological structure.Two algorithms are presented in this research work.First,a k-means clustering algorithm in which dynamic grouping by k-implies is performed that fits well with Vehicular network’s dynamic topology characteristics.The suggested clustering reduces overhead and traffic management.Second,for inter and intra-clustering routing,the dynamic routing protocol is proposed,which increases the overall Packet Delivery Ratio and decreases the End-to-End latency.Relative to the cluster-based approach,the proposed protocol achieves improved efficiency in terms of Throughput,Packet Delivery Ratio,and End-to-End delay parameters comparing the situations by taking different number of vehicular nodes in the network.展开更多
Plasma cell neoplasms comprise a spectrum of diseases that include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signi-ficance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has become an invaluable tool ...Plasma cell neoplasms comprise a spectrum of diseases that include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signi-ficance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has become an invaluable tool as an ancillary and diagnostic test for hematologic malignancies and is being used with increasing frequency in the diag-nosis and monitoring of plasma cell neoplasms. As multiparameter flow cytometry has evolved, faster fluidics and detection systems facilitate the screening of a large number of events and the detection of multiple antigens simultaneously. This review addresses the approaches used to evaluate clonal plasma cell neoplasms and describes different surface and cytoplasmic markers and techniques that are important for the study of these diseases.展开更多
文摘With the growth of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,many services delivery is gaining more attention from the intelligent transportation system.However,mobility characteristics of vehicular networks cause frequent disconnection of routes,especially during the delivery of data.In both developed and developing countries,a lot of time is consumed due to traffic congestion.This has significant negative consequences,including driver stress due to increased time demand,decreased productivity for various personalized and commercial vehicles,and increased emissions of hazardous gases especially air polluting gases are impacting public health in highly populated areas.Clustering is one of the most powerful strategies for achieving a consistent topological structure.Two algorithms are presented in this research work.First,a k-means clustering algorithm in which dynamic grouping by k-implies is performed that fits well with Vehicular network’s dynamic topology characteristics.The suggested clustering reduces overhead and traffic management.Second,for inter and intra-clustering routing,the dynamic routing protocol is proposed,which increases the overall Packet Delivery Ratio and decreases the End-to-End latency.Relative to the cluster-based approach,the proposed protocol achieves improved efficiency in terms of Throughput,Packet Delivery Ratio,and End-to-End delay parameters comparing the situations by taking different number of vehicular nodes in the network.
文摘Plasma cell neoplasms comprise a spectrum of diseases that include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signi-ficance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has become an invaluable tool as an ancillary and diagnostic test for hematologic malignancies and is being used with increasing frequency in the diag-nosis and monitoring of plasma cell neoplasms. As multiparameter flow cytometry has evolved, faster fluidics and detection systems facilitate the screening of a large number of events and the detection of multiple antigens simultaneously. This review addresses the approaches used to evaluate clonal plasma cell neoplasms and describes different surface and cytoplasmic markers and techniques that are important for the study of these diseases.
