The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition.Many of the world's ...The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition.Many of the world's largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites,which are found in intracontinental,rift-related settings,and also in syn-to post-collisional settings.Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits,such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China.This paper reviews REE mineralization in syn-to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide,in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits.We use three examples,in Scotland,Namibia,and Turkey,to illustrate the structure of these systems.We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes.It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralization in these settings,with REE,Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase.The most significant REE mineralization in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level,carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions,but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.展开更多
This article was orignally published ectronically on the publisher's internet portal on 23 August 2021.With the author(s)'deeision,the copyright of the article changed on 27 of January 2022 to◎Brtish Geologic...This article was orignally published ectronically on the publisher's internet portal on 23 August 2021.With the author(s)'deeision,the copyright of the article changed on 27 of January 2022 to◎Brtish Geological Survey,UKRI 2022 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distri-bution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons lcece,and indicate if changes were made.展开更多
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the HiTech AlkC arb Project(No.689909)。
文摘The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition.Many of the world's largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites,which are found in intracontinental,rift-related settings,and also in syn-to post-collisional settings.Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits,such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China.This paper reviews REE mineralization in syn-to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide,in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits.We use three examples,in Scotland,Namibia,and Turkey,to illustrate the structure of these systems.We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes.It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralization in these settings,with REE,Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase.The most significant REE mineralization in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level,carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions,but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.
文摘This article was orignally published ectronically on the publisher's internet portal on 23 August 2021.With the author(s)'deeision,the copyright of the article changed on 27 of January 2022 to◎Brtish Geological Survey,UKRI 2022 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distri-bution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source,provide a link to the Creative Commons lcece,and indicate if changes were made.
