Pediatric COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Series of Cases Report in Cameroon

Background: Infection with the new Coronavirus 2019 SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, is a global pandemic that does not spare children. Pediatric forms of COVID-19 are increasingly described in the literature with less severe clinical forms and lower mortality as compared to adults. We do not have data on the epidemiologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa where the pandemic is less severe. Aim: We present four cases of pediatric COVID-19 in Cameroun. Case Presentation: These cases of COVID-19 concern children aged 12 weeks to 13 years. We discuss the diagnostic difficulties and the issues of effective management in the context of a resource-constrained country. Conclusion: COVID-19 affects children in sub-Saharan Africa. There are different clinical presentations with favorable outcomes, but there is a need for greater vigilance in the pediatric population.

Overweight and Fasting Hyperglycemia in Children Born Preterm in a Resource-Limited Country (Cameroon)

Introduction: The survival of more preterm babies through improved management techniques may imply an increased risk of non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk diseases with age. The prevalence of these diseases varies worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the rates and factors associated with overweight and diabetes in children born preterm at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including children aged 6 to 11 years. Data were collected from the records of premature and full-term infants hospitalized from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013. Patients were evaluated during outpatient consultation, where height, weight, Body mass index and blood pressure were measured together with fasting capillary blood glucose levels. The Fisher test and the Chi-square test were used to compare proportions. Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the relationship between the different variables. Results: We enrolled 125 children born preterm and 250 born at full-term. The mean age was 8.2 ± 1.6 years. The cumulative incidence of pathologies varied according to type: Overweight 32% in preterm versus 13.6% in full-term (p = 0.00002) and 2.4% with obesity, fasting hyperglycemia 73.20% in preterm versus 48% in full-term (p < 0.001). No cases of diabetes were registered. No factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of these diseases in our series. However, there was a positive correlation between obesity and high blood pressure (r = 1.14, p = 0.000002). Conclusion: Overweight was more common in children born preterm than those born full-term. No cases of diabetes were found but there was a significant incidence of pre-diabetic state.