目的分析以失眠为主诉的抑郁障碍和以嗜睡为主诉的抑郁障碍患者睡眠特征。方法收集抑郁障碍患者102例,行整夜多导睡眠监测,并完成匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、Epworth嗜睡量表评估。根据量表结果,将患者分为...目的分析以失眠为主诉的抑郁障碍和以嗜睡为主诉的抑郁障碍患者睡眠特征。方法收集抑郁障碍患者102例,行整夜多导睡眠监测,并完成匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、Epworth嗜睡量表评估。根据量表结果,将患者分为以失眠为主诉的抑郁障碍(the depressive disorder with insomnia as the complaint,DDI)组(59例)和以嗜睡为主诉的抑郁障碍(the depressive disorder with sleepiness as the complaint,DDS)组(43例)。结果两组患者的睡眠结构均不同程度紊乱,表现为睡眠效率下降、非快速眼动睡眠1期(N1)比例增加,非快速眼动睡眠3期(N3)和快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement,REM)比例减少。与DDS组相比,DDI组的睡眠效率较低、N1期比例较高、N3期比例较低(P<0.05)。而在REM睡眠潜伏期上DDS组比DDI组延长(P<0.05)。相对于DDS组,DDI组的睡后觉醒时间及其占总睡眠时间百分比高,而觉醒次数少(P<0.05)。相关分析显示年龄与组间有差异的睡眠参数存在相关(P<0.05)。而控制年龄因素后两组睡眠参数的差异基本无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论DDI与DDS患者的睡眠参数存在差异,控制年龄因素后这种差异消失,提示年龄因素对抑郁障碍的睡眠参数影响可能更为显著。展开更多
Due to the road-constrained data delivery and highly dynamic topology of vehicle nodes in a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), it is better to construct routing based on the road-to-road pattern than the traditional no...Due to the road-constrained data delivery and highly dynamic topology of vehicle nodes in a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), it is better to construct routing based on the road-to-road pattern than the traditional node-to-node routing pattern in MANETs. However, the challenging issue is the opportunistic forwarding at intersections. Therefore, we propose a novel routing scheme, called Buffer and Switch (BAS). In BAS, each road buffers the data packets with multiple duplicates propagation in order to provide more opportunities for packet switching at intersections. Different from conventional protocols in VANETs, the propagation of duplicates in BAS is bidirectional along the routing path. Moreover, BAS's cost is much lower than other flooding-based protocols due to its spatio-temporally controlled duplicates propagation. Different from recent researches, BAS can deliver packets not only to a stationary node, but also to the stationary or mobile nodes in a specified area. We conduct the extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of BAS based on the road map of a real city collected from Google Earth. The simulation results show that BAS can outperform the existing protocols, especially when the network resources are limited.展开更多
文摘目的分析以失眠为主诉的抑郁障碍和以嗜睡为主诉的抑郁障碍患者睡眠特征。方法收集抑郁障碍患者102例,行整夜多导睡眠监测,并完成匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、Epworth嗜睡量表评估。根据量表结果,将患者分为以失眠为主诉的抑郁障碍(the depressive disorder with insomnia as the complaint,DDI)组(59例)和以嗜睡为主诉的抑郁障碍(the depressive disorder with sleepiness as the complaint,DDS)组(43例)。结果两组患者的睡眠结构均不同程度紊乱,表现为睡眠效率下降、非快速眼动睡眠1期(N1)比例增加,非快速眼动睡眠3期(N3)和快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement,REM)比例减少。与DDS组相比,DDI组的睡眠效率较低、N1期比例较高、N3期比例较低(P<0.05)。而在REM睡眠潜伏期上DDS组比DDI组延长(P<0.05)。相对于DDS组,DDI组的睡后觉醒时间及其占总睡眠时间百分比高,而觉醒次数少(P<0.05)。相关分析显示年龄与组间有差异的睡眠参数存在相关(P<0.05)。而控制年龄因素后两组睡眠参数的差异基本无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论DDI与DDS患者的睡眠参数存在差异,控制年龄因素后这种差异消失,提示年龄因素对抑郁障碍的睡眠参数影响可能更为显著。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 60903155,No. 60903156,No.60903158,No. 61003229the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grants No. ZYGX2009J063, No.ZYGX2010J074
文摘Due to the road-constrained data delivery and highly dynamic topology of vehicle nodes in a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), it is better to construct routing based on the road-to-road pattern than the traditional node-to-node routing pattern in MANETs. However, the challenging issue is the opportunistic forwarding at intersections. Therefore, we propose a novel routing scheme, called Buffer and Switch (BAS). In BAS, each road buffers the data packets with multiple duplicates propagation in order to provide more opportunities for packet switching at intersections. Different from conventional protocols in VANETs, the propagation of duplicates in BAS is bidirectional along the routing path. Moreover, BAS's cost is much lower than other flooding-based protocols due to its spatio-temporally controlled duplicates propagation. Different from recent researches, BAS can deliver packets not only to a stationary node, but also to the stationary or mobile nodes in a specified area. We conduct the extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of BAS based on the road map of a real city collected from Google Earth. The simulation results show that BAS can outperform the existing protocols, especially when the network resources are limited.
