政策及要素分析视角下21世纪中美高等教育国际化特征比较

从政策特征及要素分析的视角,对21世纪以来中美两国高等教育国际化水平进行比较,可以进一步厘清新时代中国高等教育国际化发展定位和路向。从宏观政策层面看,两国高等教育政策均具有“国家本位”特征。从差异性上看,中国高等教育政策体现出政府主导、循序渐进和一以贯之等特征,而美国的高等教育政策则表征出政党主导、分权管辖和变动不居等;在管理体制层面,中国的“两纵三横”式和美国的“多元参与”式具有各自的内在优势与不足;在学生、教师、课程的国际化方面,中国与美国相比虽有明显差距,但中国在留学生规模和质量、教师科研成果、课程开发等方面的势头正旺。在后疫情时代,我国高等教育国际化在政策价值取向、管理体制效能、发展模式创新以及人才培养质量方面的转变将进一步激发其发展潜力。

基于CiteSpace兰科植物功能基因的研究进展

本研究基于Web of Science(WOS)数据库和CNKI(中国知网)数据库收录的兰科植物功能基因相关文献,借助CiteSpace计量工具,采用文献计量方法和知识图谱可视化技术对领域内2002-2020年间的文献进行定量统计和数据分析。在回顾近19年间国内外学者对兰科植物功能基因研究的探索历程及应用现状的同时,探究了该研究领域的文献发布时间、作者和国家发文量、期刊共被引分析、知识基础、关键词研究热点及主题演化的网络特征,揭示了不同时段研究热点的变化规律,并对目前该领域需解决的问题以及未来探索方向进行讨论,以期为兰科植物的进一步开发、创新和应用提供理论支撑。结果表明:(1)兰科植物功能基因研究经历了3个阶段(形成期、成长期、稳定发展期),发文量整体呈稳步增长趋势。(2)研究热点聚集于物种形成、转录组学、遗传转化、ISSR和ITS分子标记等方向;功能基因以MADS-box、ACS、MYB等基因为主,其中对参与调控花器官发育的MADS-box基因的研究最为广泛。(3)国内外形成了以Chen HW(陈虹桦)、Tsai WC(蔡文杰)、Tamura K、刘仲健、朱紫乐、崔波、孙崇波和吴建设等为主的核心作者群,但团队之间合作较为疏散。

OECD成人问题解决能力评估发展趋势研究——基于ALL、PIAAC 1、PIAAC 2的成人问题解决能力评估比较

21世纪的技术变革对人的能力提出了新要求,提高成人在各种真实情境下解决问题的能力越来越受到国际社会的重视。本世纪以来,经济合作与发展组织(OECD)开展的历次成人技能调查项目中,皆包含了对成人问题解决能力的评估,其评价内容和指标呈现出如下趋势性特征:特殊问题向一般问题回归;静态问题向动态问题转变;外显特质向内隐特质延伸;纸质工具向智能工具升级;简单赋分向具体操作拓展等。借鉴OECD评估发展经验,今后我国开展成人问题解决能力评估,可考虑从以下维度着手推进:聚焦特殊背景下的一般情境;关注动态化适应性问题;全面评估相关能力特质;恰当运用前沿科技手段;终结性与过程性评价相结合等。

社会文化视域下俄罗斯职业教育的历史变迁及特征分析

在社会文化视角下分析并阐述一个国家职业教育的历史演进和典型特征,是一种新的研究思路。纵观俄罗斯历史发展的三大时期:沙皇时期、前苏联时期和现代俄罗斯时期,其职业教育的发展各有特点。社会文化作为规约俄罗斯职业教育历史嬗变的重要内生因子,浸染出多样的俄罗斯职业教育典型特征,即沙皇霸权时期职业教育的服务性、前苏联计划经济时期职业教育的集体性和现代俄罗斯转型时期的阶层性、兼容性、社会性、民主性和终身性。

后现代知识观视域下职业教育“高本贯通”课程研究

后现代知识观是在批判现代知识观的基础上对问题进行阐释的观念,是一种生成性、情境性、多元化、个体化的知识观,具有不确定性、价值性、批判性等特征。后现代知识观为课程改革指明新的方向,对于"高本贯通"课程衔接的发展也提出了相应的要求。针对"高本贯通"专业设置产业匹配度低、课程内容体系化程度低、科目内容间缺少联系的问题探析突破路径,明确专业定位,设置核心课程;制定递进性课程目标,保证课程体系化;推行课程整合,实施综合化课程。

Engineered extracellular vesicles: A new approach for targeted therapy of tumors and overcoming drug resistance

Targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs and overcoming drug resistance in malig-nant tumor cells remain significant clinical challenges.However,there are only few effective methods to address these issues.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),actively secreted by cells,play a crucial role in intercellular information transmis-sion and cargo transportation.Recent studies have demonstrated that engineered EVs can serve as drug delivery carriers and showed promising application prospects.Nevertheless,there is an urgent need for further improvements in the isolation and purification of EVs,surface modification techniques,drug assem-bly processes,and precise recognition of tumor cells for targeted drug delivery purposes.In this review,we summarize the applications of engineered EVs in cancer treatment and overcoming drug resistance,and current challenges asso-ciated with engineered EVs are also discussed.This review aims to provide new insights and potential directions for utilizing engineered EVs as targeted delivery systems for anti-tumor drugs and overcoming drug resistance in the near future.

Role of co-expression of c-Myc, EZH2 and p27 in prognosis of prostate cancer patients after surgery

Background c-Myc, EZH2 and p27 were defined to modulate anti-tumoral effects and had ability in predicting prostate cancer value of prognosis is rarely. This study aimed to investigate the patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer after surgery. the behavior of prostate cancer with pro-tumoral or progression, but the research of their co-expression prognostic value of combining tri-marker together in Methods Expression levels of c-Myc, EZH2 and p27 in 129 patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer were assessed using immunohistochemistry in a semi-quantitative manner. The expression profiles of these three markers were analyzed and investigated for association with biochemical recurrence. Results In all, fifty of 129 cases experienced biochemical recurrence during a median follow-up time of 31 months （range, 6-60 months）. Of these relapse patients, one case without and 10 cases with any single positive marker were observed; 39 cases were detected with any two or all three positive markers （22 cases with any two and 17 cases with all three positive markers）. Survival analysis showed that patients with over-expression of c-Myc or EZH2, and lower expression of p27 manifested significantly higher biochemical recurrence rates. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that c-Myc, EZH2 and p27 expression statuses showed potential in predicting relapse, respectively. Notably, combining three markers together as a ＂composite index＂ （0 or 1, vs. 2 or 3 positive markers） provided powerful prognostic value （HR 6.57, 95% CI 3.02-14.31, P 〈0.001）. There was a significant difference between the patient subgroups with 0 or 1 and those with 2 or 3 positive markers expression statuses, and tri-marker composite index was an independent risk factor for predicting relapse in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer after surgery. Conclusion Composite index of c-Myc, EZH2, and p27 can be valued as powerful prognosis parameter for intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients after the surgery, and postoperative adjuvant therapy can be adopted accordingly.

Clipping the extremity of ureter prior to nephroureterectomy is effective in preventing subsequent bladder recurrence after upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Background Bladder recurrent disease is still a challenge in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma （UTUC）. This controlled study aims to investigate the efficacy of early clipping of the distal ureter prior to nephroureterectomy （NU） to prevent bladder recurrence after UTUC.