Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dim...Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection. Methods Brain computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and magnetic resonance venography （MRV） were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography （MIRA） were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed. Results For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes. Conclusions According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.展开更多
Chordoid meningioma （CM）, characterized by its resemblance to chordoma, was first described by Kepes et al＇ in 1988, and classified histologically as a WHO grade II neoplasm in the 2000 revision of the WHO grading ...Chordoid meningioma （CM）, characterized by its resemblance to chordoma, was first described by Kepes et al＇ in 1988, and classified histologically as a WHO grade II neoplasm in the 2000 revision of the WHO grading system, featured by its aggressive clinical course, great risk of recurrence, and infrequent association with hematological conditions.2 This article describes the clinical course, radiological characteristics, postoperative treatment, and prognosis of 17 patients with CM who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital.展开更多
Background Meningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospec...Background Meningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of meningioma cases consecutively operated on at a single institution in China from 2001 to 2010. Methods This study investigated the demographic background of 7084 meningioma cases, and the subtypes and locations of the tumors. Sex and age distributions were analyzed, and the pathological subtypes were classified according to the World Health Organization （WHO） classification. The location of the meningiomas was also categorized. Results The female：male ratio of the 7084 cases was 2.34：1. The mean age was 51.4 years （range, 11 months-86 years）. The mean age of cases of WHO grade I meningioma was significantly older than that of grade II or III meningiomas （P 〈0.001, Fisher＇s Least Significant Digit test）. There was a significantly higher female：male ratio in WHO grade I meningiomas than in grade II or grade III meningiomas （2.57, 1.03 and 0.76, respectively; P 〈0.001, X^2 test）. Meningothelial （n=2061） and fibrous meningiomas （n=3556） were the most common subtypes, comprising 79.3% of all meningiomas. All meningioma cases were classified into 23 locations in this study, with the cerebral convexity the most common site （38.33%, n=2722）. Cases with uncommon locations such as extra-cranial and sylvian fissure meningiomas were also present in this series. Conclusions Female predominance was found for benign meningiomas, while malignant subtypes showed male predominance. The mean age of patients with WHO grade Ⅰ meningiomas was older than that of patients with higher-grade tumors. Meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas were the most common subtypes. The cerebral convexity was the most common menin.qioma location.展开更多
Background Cyclin B1 （CLB1） is necessary for mitotic initiation in mammalian cells and plays important roles in cancer development. Therefore, a potential strategy in cancer therapy is to suppress the activity of CL...Background Cyclin B1 （CLB1） is necessary for mitotic initiation in mammalian cells and plays important roles in cancer development. Therefore, a potential strategy in cancer therapy is to suppress the activity of CLB1 by delivering antisense constructs of CLB1 into tumor cells. In previous CLB1 studies, antisense constructs with a short half life were often used and these constructs might not persistently inhibit CLB1. Methods We successfully created a recombinant plasmid encoding the full-length antisense cDNA of mouse cyclin B1 （AS-mCLB1） and transfected this construct to the murine Lewis lung carcinoma （LL/2） and CT-26 colon carcinoma （CT-26） cells. We isolated clones of LL/2 and CT-26 transfectants with stable expression of AS-mCLB1. Reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot were applied to detect the expression of the mRNA and protein levels of CLB1. To further test the efficacy of this strategy in vivo, AS-mCLBl-expressing LL/2 and CT-26 transfectants were implanted into mice. Results We found the expression of the mRNA and protein levels of CLB1 decrease in these transfectants. The inhibition of CLB1 caused prominent G1 arrest, abnormal morphology, retarded cell growth and an increase in apoptosis. In AS-mCLBl-expressing LL/2 and CT-26 transfectants implanted mice, tumorigenicity was effectively suppressed compared with the controls. In addition, the expression of AS-mCLB1 also significantly increases the survival duration of implanted animals. Conclusion AS-mCLB1 is likely to be useful in future cancer therapy, which may be associated with its ability to down-regulate the expression of CLB1 and then induce G1 arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells.展开更多
Background The precise mechanisms responsible for the development and growth of intracranial arteriovenous malformations （AVMs） remain unclear. Osteopontin （OPN） is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse funct...Background The precise mechanisms responsible for the development and growth of intracranial arteriovenous malformations （AVMs） remain unclear. Osteopontin （OPN） is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions. This study aimed to analyze the expression of OPN in human brain AVMs. Methods The AVM nidus was surgically obtained from patients with AVM, whereas control brain artery specimens were surgically obtained from patients with epilepsy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to examine the expression of OPN mRNA in biopsy specimens. OPN protein expression was localized by immunohistochemistry. The statistical differences between different groups were assessed by two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Results We analyzed 36 brain AVM specimens and 8 control brain artery specimens. Eleven patients with brain AVM received embolization treatment, and five underwent gamma knife radiotherapy before resection. Nineteen patients with brain AVM had a history of hemorrhage from AVMs. The expression of OPN mRNA was significantly higher in AVMs than that in the control specimens （25.76＋2.71 vs. 21.46＋2.01, P 〈0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the extent of OPN mRNA expression between the AVM group with and that without history of hemorrhage （26.13＋2.45 vs. 25.34＋2.99） or gamma knife radiotherapy （24.39：1：2.10 vs. 24.53＋1.85）, However, the difference between the AVM group with and that without embolization treatment history was statistically significant （24.39＋2.10 vs. 28.80＋1.13, P 〈0.01）. In the group with gamma knife radiotherapy history, OPN expression was found in arteries with early-stage radio-effect. Conclusions OPN may contribute to the vascular instability of brain AVMs. It may play an important role in the pathophysiological process related to embolization treatment.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30872675 and No. 30901549）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （No. 08411965100）, and 2011 Shanghai Medical College Young Scientist Fund of Fudan University （No. 11L-24）.
文摘Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection. Methods Brain computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and magnetic resonance venography （MRV） were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography （MIRA） were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed. Results For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes. Conclusions According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.
基金This study was supported by-grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30872675 and No. 30901549）, and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （No. 08411965100 and No. 12JC1401800）. There is no conflict of interest in this manuscript and we strictly follow the protocols of ethical board and clinical practice in China.
文摘Chordoid meningioma （CM）, characterized by its resemblance to chordoma, was first described by Kepes et al＇ in 1988, and classified histologically as a WHO grade II neoplasm in the 2000 revision of the WHO grading system, featured by its aggressive clinical course, great risk of recurrence, and infrequent association with hematological conditions.2 This article describes the clinical course, radiological characteristics, postoperative treatment, and prognosis of 17 patients with CM who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30872675 and No. 30901549）, and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （No. 08411965100 and No. 12JC 1401800）. Conflict of interest： none.
文摘Background Meningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of meningioma cases consecutively operated on at a single institution in China from 2001 to 2010. Methods This study investigated the demographic background of 7084 meningioma cases, and the subtypes and locations of the tumors. Sex and age distributions were analyzed, and the pathological subtypes were classified according to the World Health Organization （WHO） classification. The location of the meningiomas was also categorized. Results The female：male ratio of the 7084 cases was 2.34：1. The mean age was 51.4 years （range, 11 months-86 years）. The mean age of cases of WHO grade I meningioma was significantly older than that of grade II or III meningiomas （P 〈0.001, Fisher＇s Least Significant Digit test）. There was a significantly higher female：male ratio in WHO grade I meningiomas than in grade II or grade III meningiomas （2.57, 1.03 and 0.76, respectively; P 〈0.001, X^2 test）. Meningothelial （n=2061） and fibrous meningiomas （n=3556） were the most common subtypes, comprising 79.3% of all meningiomas. All meningioma cases were classified into 23 locations in this study, with the cerebral convexity the most common site （38.33%, n=2722）. Cases with uncommon locations such as extra-cranial and sylvian fissure meningiomas were also present in this series. Conclusions Female predominance was found for benign meningiomas, while malignant subtypes showed male predominance. The mean age of patients with WHO grade Ⅰ meningiomas was older than that of patients with higher-grade tumors. Meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas were the most common subtypes. The cerebral convexity was the most common menin.qioma location.
基金This work was supported by the funds from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China （No. Y207353） and Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China for Postdoctors （No. 2006-bsh-34）.
文摘Background Cyclin B1 （CLB1） is necessary for mitotic initiation in mammalian cells and plays important roles in cancer development. Therefore, a potential strategy in cancer therapy is to suppress the activity of CLB1 by delivering antisense constructs of CLB1 into tumor cells. In previous CLB1 studies, antisense constructs with a short half life were often used and these constructs might not persistently inhibit CLB1. Methods We successfully created a recombinant plasmid encoding the full-length antisense cDNA of mouse cyclin B1 （AS-mCLB1） and transfected this construct to the murine Lewis lung carcinoma （LL/2） and CT-26 colon carcinoma （CT-26） cells. We isolated clones of LL/2 and CT-26 transfectants with stable expression of AS-mCLB1. Reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot were applied to detect the expression of the mRNA and protein levels of CLB1. To further test the efficacy of this strategy in vivo, AS-mCLBl-expressing LL/2 and CT-26 transfectants were implanted into mice. Results We found the expression of the mRNA and protein levels of CLB1 decrease in these transfectants. The inhibition of CLB1 caused prominent G1 arrest, abnormal morphology, retarded cell growth and an increase in apoptosis. In AS-mCLBl-expressing LL/2 and CT-26 transfectants implanted mice, tumorigenicity was effectively suppressed compared with the controls. In addition, the expression of AS-mCLB1 also significantly increases the survival duration of implanted animals. Conclusion AS-mCLB1 is likely to be useful in future cancer therapy, which may be associated with its ability to down-regulate the expression of CLB1 and then induce G1 arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells.
基金This study was supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81000489）.
文摘Background The precise mechanisms responsible for the development and growth of intracranial arteriovenous malformations （AVMs） remain unclear. Osteopontin （OPN） is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions. This study aimed to analyze the expression of OPN in human brain AVMs. Methods The AVM nidus was surgically obtained from patients with AVM, whereas control brain artery specimens were surgically obtained from patients with epilepsy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to examine the expression of OPN mRNA in biopsy specimens. OPN protein expression was localized by immunohistochemistry. The statistical differences between different groups were assessed by two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Results We analyzed 36 brain AVM specimens and 8 control brain artery specimens. Eleven patients with brain AVM received embolization treatment, and five underwent gamma knife radiotherapy before resection. Nineteen patients with brain AVM had a history of hemorrhage from AVMs. The expression of OPN mRNA was significantly higher in AVMs than that in the control specimens （25.76＋2.71 vs. 21.46＋2.01, P 〈0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the extent of OPN mRNA expression between the AVM group with and that without history of hemorrhage （26.13＋2.45 vs. 25.34＋2.99） or gamma knife radiotherapy （24.39：1：2.10 vs. 24.53＋1.85）, However, the difference between the AVM group with and that without embolization treatment history was statistically significant （24.39＋2.10 vs. 28.80＋1.13, P 〈0.01）. In the group with gamma knife radiotherapy history, OPN expression was found in arteries with early-stage radio-effect. Conclusions OPN may contribute to the vascular instability of brain AVMs. It may play an important role in the pathophysiological process related to embolization treatment.
