伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系的构建

目的构建具有较强科学性和实用性的伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系,为伤口造口失禁专科护士的准入、培养、考核和认证提供理论基础。方法通过查阅文献和半结构式访谈,拟定伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系的咨询问卷。采用德尔菲法,对20名护理管理、伤口造口失禁护理、护理教育领域的专家进行2轮咨询。结果专家的权威系数为0.93,培训体系的协调系数为0.479。构建的伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系内容包括培训目标、培训过程、考核评价、资格认证4个部分。其中,培训目标部分包含一级指标6项,二级指标32项;培训过程部分包含一级指标5项,二级指标15项,三级指标70项;考核评价部分包含一级指标4项,二级指标7项;资格认证包含一级指标2项,二级指标2项。结论伤口造口失禁专科护士培训体系构建过程科学,内容设置合理,对开展专科护士培训具有较好的指导意义。

肠造口患者底盘渗漏规范化管理的实施成效

目的探讨肠造口患者底盘渗漏规范化管理的实施成效。方法选取2019年9月—2020年2月的肠造口术后患者为对照组,实施常规护理,在此期间护理部组织无漏病房建设小组成员对其底盘渗漏发生率进行基线调查,通过鱼骨图对造口患者发生底盘渗漏的原因进行分析并制订干预措施。2020年3月—8月的肠造口术后患者设为试验组,护士从患者及照顾者、医护人员、材料等方面进行改进,包含造口定位、健康教育、延续管理等内容。比较两组患者造口护理知识技能水平、底盘渗漏发生率、患者满意度。结果两组患者造口护理知识技能水平分别为(80.04±7.43)分和(96.25±6.53)分,差异有统计学意义(t=11.115,P<0.001)。对照组有14例患者发生底盘渗漏,试验组无底盘渗漏发生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.042,P<0.001);两组造口患者满意度分为(39.07±6.53)分和(46.39±5.82)分,差异有统计学意义(t=6.206,P<0.001)。结论开展无漏病房规范化管理,提高了患者造口护理知识技能水平,降低了患者底盘渗漏发生率,提升了患者住院满意度水平。

伤口造口专科护士岗位管理指标体系的构建

目的 构建具有较强科学性的伤口造口专科护士岗位管理指标体系,为伤口造口专科护士的选拔、培养、任用及考核提供依据.方法 通过文献分析法和半结构式访谈,拟定伤口造口专科护士岗位管理指标体系初稿,采用德尔菲法对20名护理管理、伤口造口护理、护理教育等领域的专家进行2轮咨询.结果 2轮咨询专家积极系数均为100%,专家权威系数为0.93,各级指标变异系数为0~0.176.伤口造口专科护士岗位管理指标体系包括6个一级指标(岗位描述、岗位设置、岗位培养、岗位使用、岗位考核、岗位待遇)、20个二级指标、59个三级指标.结论 本研究构建的伤口造口专科护士岗位管理指标体系科学、合理,可为医院开展专科护士岗位管理提供参考依据.

Effect of moxibustion on VEGF and EGF expressions in tumor tissues of rats with gastric tumor

Objective:To explore the inhibitory effect of moxibustion on tumor growth and metastasis, and also its possible mechanism, in gastric tumor-bearing rats by investigating the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Methods:Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (half male and half female) were routinely housed for 1 week. A total of 20 rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a sham operation group, with 10 rats in each group. The remaining 30 rats were used to make gastric cancer models by implantation of ascites-type Walker-256 cancer cells. After successful modeling, rats were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and an infrared group, with 10 rats in each group. From the day of modeling, the body weight of each group was weighed every 4 days. Warm moxibustion was alternately performed at two-group acupoints [Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4) and bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) in one group, and bilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21) in another group] in the moxibustion group. The body surface projection area of the stomach was irradiated with short-wave infrared rays in the infrared group, once a day, 20 min per time for 21 d. At the end of the treatment, the gastric tumor was completely dissected, and the tumor volume and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Then the gastric tumor cell metastasis was recorded. The levels of VEGF and EGF in rat gastric tumor tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:Compared with the blank group, the body weight of the model group decreased significantly after modeling (P<0.05);compared with the model group, the rats in the moxibustion group had increased body weight during the middle and late stages (bothP<0.05). The tumor volumes of rats in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were smaller than the volume in the model group (bothP<0.05). The tumor growth inhibition rate in the moxibustion group was significantly higher than that in the infrared group (P<0.05). The case number of tumor metastasis in the moxibustion group was smaller than that in the model group and the infrared group. The VEGF level in the tumor tissues of the model group was statistically significantly higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the VEGF levels in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were statistically significantly lower (bothP<0.05). The EGF levels in the tumor tissues of the model group was statistically significantly lower than that in the blank group (P<0.05);compared with the model group, the EGF levels in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were statistically significantly increased (bothP<0.05). Conclusion:Moxibustion can increase the body weight, inhibit the tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in gastric tumor-bearing rats, which may be related to the regulation of VEGF and EGF expressions in tumor tissues.