Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A novel and potential remedy for cutaneous wound healing and regeneration

Poor healing of cutaneous wounds is a common medical problem in the field of traumatology.Due to the intricate pathophysiological processes of wound healing,the use of conventional treatment methods,such as chemical molecule drugs and traditional dressings,have been unable to achieve satisfactory outcomes.Within recent years,explicit evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have great therapeutic potentials on skin wound healing and regeneration.However,the direct application of MSCs still faces many challenges and difficulties.Intriguingly,exosomes as cell-secreted granular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure and containing specific components from the source cells may emerge to be excellent substitutes for MSCs.Exosomes derived from MSCs(MSC-exosomes)have been demonstrated to be beneficial for cutaneous wound healing and accelerate the process through a variety of mechanisms.These mechanisms include alleviating inflammation,promoting vascularization,and promoting proliferation and migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts.Therefore,the application of MSC-exosomes may be a promising alternative to cell therapy in the treatment of cutaneous wounds and could promote wound healing through multiple mechanisms simultaneously.This review will provide an overview of the role and the mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in cutaneous wound healing,and elaborate the potentials and future perspectives of MSC-exosomes application in clinical practice.

Managing spindle cell sarcoma with surgery and high-intensity focused ultrasound:A case report

BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas,also known as spindle cell sarcomas,are a relatively uncommon subtype of soft tissue sarcomas in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a 69-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with undifferentiated spindle cell soft tissue sarcoma on her left thigh.Surgical excision was initially performed,but the patient experienced a local recurrence following multiple surgeries and radioactive particle implantations.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)was subsequently administered,resulting in complete ablation of the sarcoma without any significant complications other than bone damage at the treated site.However,approximately four months later,the patient experienced a broken lesion at the original location.After further diagnostic workup,the patient underwent additional surgery and is currently stable with a good quality of life.CONCLUSION HIFU has shown positive outcomes in achieving local control of limb spindle cell sarcoma,making it an effective non-invasive treatment option.

Harnessing mesenchymal aggregation for engineered organ-level regeneration:Recent progress and perspective

Stem cells,especially mesenchymal progenitors or mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),possess an intrinsic property to form compact spheroid-like assemblies,a phenomenon known as cell aggregation.In recent years,a growing body of researches have uncovered that this is a cross-species conserved developmental event essential for initiating organogenesis in a variety of organs.Moreover,the self-assembly property also contributes to the regenerative capacities of MSC aggregates in vivo with broad range of applications in tissue engineering.In this review,the principles of self-assembled mesenchymal aggregation and its involvement in physiological organogenesis,as well as the construction approaches of engineering MSC aggregates and its application for organ regeneration are discussed.The authors aim to provide a speculative overview of the current understanding and the recent findings of cell aggregation,from both the developmental and the engineering perspectives,and thus offer insights into the understanding of stem cell biology and the establishment of novel organ regeneration strategies.