Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons（LMWHs）during their progressive vaporization.In addition to the ...Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons（LMWHs）during their progressive vaporization.In addition to the analysis of a synthetic oil mixture,individual compounds were also studied either as pure single phases or mixed with soil.This allowed influences of mixing effects and diffusion though soil on the fractionation to be elucidated.The LMWHs volatilized in two broad behavior patterns that depended on their molecular weight and boiling point.Vaporization significantly enriched the ^13C present in the remaining components of the C6–C9 fraction,indicating that the vaporization is mainly kinetically controlled;the observed variations could be described with a Rayleigh fractionation model.In contrast,the heavier compounds（n-C10–n-C12）showed less mass loss and almost no significant isotopic fractionation during vaporization,indicating that the isotope characteristics remained sufficiently constant for these hydrocarbons to be used to identify the source of an oil sample,e.g.,the specific oil field or the origin of a spill.Furthermore,comparative studies suggested that matrix effects should be considered when the carbon isotope ratios of hydrocarbons are applied in the field.展开更多
Objective:Moxibustion,a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine,has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve(DOR).The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat mo...Objective:Moxibustion,a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine,has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve(DOR).The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.Methods:Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,DOR,moxibustion(MOX),and hormone replacement therapy(HRT).The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension(TGS),once daily for 14 days.MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated.The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle,morphological changes in ovaries,levels of serum estradiol(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),pregnancy rate and embryo numbers.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nickend-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis,while the protein and m RNA expressions of Bax,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)and protein kinase B(AKT)in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared with the DOR group,MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle,promoted follicular growth,reduced the number of atresia follicles,increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH,and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations.More importantly,the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group,compared to the untreated DOR model.Further,we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells,increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax.Furthermore,the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.Conclusion:Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS,and the mechanism may involve the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National ‘‘863’’ Project (Grant No. 2012AA0611401)the program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-JC103)
文摘Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons（LMWHs）during their progressive vaporization.In addition to the analysis of a synthetic oil mixture,individual compounds were also studied either as pure single phases or mixed with soil.This allowed influences of mixing effects and diffusion though soil on the fractionation to be elucidated.The LMWHs volatilized in two broad behavior patterns that depended on their molecular weight and boiling point.Vaporization significantly enriched the ^13C present in the remaining components of the C6–C9 fraction,indicating that the vaporization is mainly kinetically controlled;the observed variations could be described with a Rayleigh fractionation model.In contrast,the heavier compounds（n-C10–n-C12）showed less mass loss and almost no significant isotopic fractionation during vaporization,indicating that the isotope characteristics remained sufficiently constant for these hydrocarbons to be used to identify the source of an oil sample,e.g.,the specific oil field or the origin of a spill.Furthermore,comparative studies suggested that matrix effects should be considered when the carbon isotope ratios of hydrocarbons are applied in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774408,No.81973957)the Youth Science Fund Project(No.81804179)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_1653)。
文摘Objective:Moxibustion,a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine,has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve(DOR).The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.Methods:Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,DOR,moxibustion(MOX),and hormone replacement therapy(HRT).The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension(TGS),once daily for 14 days.MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated.The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle,morphological changes in ovaries,levels of serum estradiol(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),pregnancy rate and embryo numbers.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nickend-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis,while the protein and m RNA expressions of Bax,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)and protein kinase B(AKT)in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared with the DOR group,MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle,promoted follicular growth,reduced the number of atresia follicles,increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH,and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations.More importantly,the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group,compared to the untreated DOR model.Further,we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells,increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax.Furthermore,the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.Conclusion:Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS,and the mechanism may involve the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.
