Modulation of antiviral cytokine production and lung protection against influenza virus by the glycosides from Ligustrum purpurascens

Ligustrum purpurascens has been used as a traditional herb for over 2,000 years in China.This study was design to investigate the modulation of antiviral cytokines and reduction in lung inflammation of virus-infected mice by the glycosides isolated from Ligustrum purpurascens.Methods:Ligustrum purpurascens glycosides(LPG)were isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum purpurascens.Proliferation of spleen lymphocytes were investigated after LPG treatment.The in vitro and in vivo cytokine modulation of LPG was studied.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of LPG,with the potential to reduce inflammatory lung disorders,were investigated by influenza A virus infected mice.Results:LPG could significantly promote the proliferation,and also could stimulate the production of IFN-γby spleen lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.IFN-γexpression level was increased significantly compared to the control and presented a dose-dependent manner in vitro.Furthermore,LPG inhibit the expression of TNF-αand IL-10,which return to normal level in the cyclophosphamide-induced mice model in vivo.Besides,the histopathological analysis indicated LPG reduced acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza virus.Conclusion:This study suggested that LPG could increase the exression of IFN-γ,immunoregulation and decrease lung inflammation of virus-infected mice.

Influence of heat treatments on incipient melting structures of DD5 nickel-based single crystal superalloy

The evolution of microstructure and formation mechanism of incipient melting microstructure of DD5 single crystal superalloy during solution heat treatment were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The solidus and liquidus of single crystal alloy were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Results show that the mosaic-like eutectic and fan-like eutectic are dissolved at first,and the coarseγ'phase is dissolved later during the solution heat treatment of 1,390°C/2 h+1,310°C/4 h+1,320°C/10 h+air cooling(AC).The composition segregations of Al,Ta,W and Re are 0.99,0.96,1.04 and 1.16,respectively,which close to 1.The incipient melting is caused by the low local temperature of the alloy,and the micropore region with a lower melting point is the preferred position for incipient melting.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a meta-analysis

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods: Data were collected from the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), WanFang Data(WF) and VIP Database, including literature regarding the effects of TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing in patients with COPD published before January 2017. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible literature. The weighted mean differences and odds ratios were used to analyze St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ) scores, pulmonary function, hospital stay, and clinical efficacy.Results: Twenty-three randomized controlled trials comprising 3116 cases(TCM nursing combined with the conventional nursing group: 1559; conventional nursing group: 1557) met the inclusion criteria. TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing was associated with a lower SGRQ score, higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1) value, higher FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC) value, higher FEV1% value, higher FEV1 predicted value, shorter hospital stay, and preferable clinical efficacy.Conclusions: TCM nursing combined with conventional nursing emphasized that dialectical nursing can be performed preferably in patients with COPD.

The effect of empowerment education on depression level and laboratory indicators of patients treated with hemodialysis:a meta-analysis

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of empowerment education on depression level and laboratory indicators of patients treated with hemodialysis.Methods:We searched databases including Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,PubMed,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),Chinese Academic Journals Full-text Database(CNKI),VIP,and Wanfang.We included all the researches about the application of empowerment education in patients treated with hemodialysis.We used RevMan 5.3 to analyze the data after assessing the quality of researches.Results:We included 10 studies eventually.The results of meta-analysis showed that the self-efficacy[MD=1.10,95%confidence interval(CI;0.71,1.48),P<0.01],depression[MD=-6.94,95%CI(-8.53,-5.34),P<0.01],serum creatinine[Scr;MD=-116.46,95%CI(-171.90,-61.03),P<0.01],albumin[Alb;MD=2.93,95%CI(2.00,3.86),P<0.01],and blood urea nitrogen[BUN;MD=-0.95,95%CI(-1.89,-0.01),P=0.05]in the empowerment education group had significantly statistical difference compared with those in the usual education group.However,there was no significant difference in hemoglobin[Hb;MD=3.03,95%CI(-0.64,6.70),P=0.11]between two groups.Conclusions:Empowerment education can improve the self-efficacy in patients treated with hemodialysis,relieve depression,and improve Scr,Alb,and BUN.However,there is no significant improvement in Hb;it needs further exploration in clinical practice.

Perforating and nonperforating indications in repeated surgeries for Crohn's disease

BACKGROUND Despite advances in medical therapy for Crohn’s disease(CD),most patients with CD require repeated resection surgeries.AIM To analyze the perforating and nonperforating indications of repeated CD operations and identify the anastomosis characteristics for postoperative CD.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 386 patients who underwent at least one resection for CD between 2003 and 2013.Clinical characteristics of each surgery were collected.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for recurrence.RESULTS The indication for reoperation in CD tends to be the same as that for primary operation,i.e.,perforating disease tends to represent as perforating disease and nonperforating as nonperforating.Concordance was found between the first surgery and second surgery in terms of the indication for the operation(P=0.006),and the indication for the third surgery was also correlated with that for the second surgery(P=0.033).Even if the correlation of surgical indications between repeated operations,the rate of perforating indication for the second and third surgeries was significantly higher than that of the first surgery.In addition,the presence of perforating CD was a predictor of recurrence for both the first and second surgeries.Moreover,anastomotic lesions were the most common sites of recurrence after the operation.Based on the importance of anastomosis,anastomosis might be a new type of disease location for the classification of postoperative CD.CONCLUSION CD not only has stable characteristics but also progresses chronically.Perforation is a progressive surgical indication for Crohn’s disease.For CD after surgery,anastomosis may be a new classification of disease location.