Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)growth was inhibited because of waterlogging stress,which has caused yield reduc-tion.ERF family plays an important role to plant adversity tolerance.In our study,we obtained 19,819 diff...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)growth was inhibited because of waterlogging stress,which has caused yield reduc-tion.ERF family plays an important role to plant adversity tolerance.In our study,we obtained 19,819 differential expressed genes(DEGs)between the two treatments based on the RNA-seq sequencing of foxtail millet of water-logging stress.Furthermore,a total of 28 ERF family members were obtained,which have a complete open read-ing frame.We studied the evolution and function of SiERF family and how they affected the waterlogging tolerance.It was found that SiERF1A/B/C(GenBank ID:OR775217,OR775219,OR775218)and SiRAP2-12(GenBank ID:OR775216)have similar functions to the known waterlogging tolerance genes of other plants.Among them,the SiRAP2-12 expression was obviously significantly up-regulated in foxtail millet after 5d water-logging stress.After SiRAP2-12 was silenced,the activity of defense enzymes in millet decreased significantly.In details,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD),the osmotic regulator proline(Pro),and the activity of the anaerobic respiratory enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)content were decreased by 78.61%,29.52%,79.95%,19.41%and 54.77%,respectively.In contrast,the relative electrical conductivity contents(REC),malondialdehyde(MDA),and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))of the foxtail millet subjected to virus-induced gene silencing clearly increased by 1.03-fold,36.09%,and 15.21%,respectively.The content of sodium(Na^(+))in the SiRAP2-12-silenced foxtail millet also increased,but that of potassium(K^(+))decreased.Interestingly,we found that ethylene content was significantly reduced.Further,the SiAOC1 expression,an essential gene for ethylene synthesis,was inhibited in SiRAP2-12-silenced foxtail millet after waterlogging stress.Taken together,we hypothesized that SiRAP2-12 might be a positive regulator of millet tolerance to waterlogging stress.展开更多
Based on the mass action concentration theory,a novel thermodynamic analysis for the raw material ratio in the procedure of preparing Ti-6Al-4V alloy by aluminothermic reduction process is proposed in this paper,which...Based on the mass action concentration theory,a novel thermodynamic analysis for the raw material ratio in the procedure of preparing Ti-6Al-4V alloy by aluminothermic reduction process is proposed in this paper,which is originated from TiO_(2),Al particles,and V_(2)O_(5) as feedstocks,and the relevant equilibrium thermodynamics was calculated through this new method.The results show that the range of aluminum addition coefficient in raw material to experiment should be controlled within 61.5%-100%,which can significantly reduce the number of experimental groups.This method is ready to regulate the matter of excessive aluminum content in reactants for materials preparation,especially for those reactions including elements that are effortless to combine with aluminum to form the corresponding intermetallics or alloys.In addition,it can also be used in general metallurgy or material preparation process to effectively predict the composition and proportion of equilibrium components under certain conditions.展开更多
分别对Al-TiO_2,Al-V_2O_5,Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2及Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2-CaO体系的热力学和动力学进行了研究.结果表明:采用铝粉直接还原TiO_2,V_2O_5粉末制备Ti-6Al-4V合金是可行的.加入CaO会降低体系单位质量反应热,需要补热才能维持反应进行.A...分别对Al-TiO_2,Al-V_2O_5,Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2及Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2-CaO体系的热力学和动力学进行了研究.结果表明:采用铝粉直接还原TiO_2,V_2O_5粉末制备Ti-6Al-4V合金是可行的.加入CaO会降低体系单位质量反应热,需要补热才能维持反应进行.Al还原TiO_2的反应在951℃发生,表观活化能E1为166.47 k J/mol,反应级数n1为0.398 2;Al还原V_2O_5的反应在946℃发生,表观活化能E_2为392.72 k J/mol,反应级数n_2为1.061 8.Al粉还原V_2O_5和TiO_2制备Ti-6Al-4V合金体系的反应在1 019℃左右发生,表观活化能E3为173.56 k J/mol,反应级数n3为0.472 2;加入CaO后,反应在979℃左右发生,体系表观活化能升高但反应级数降低.这四个体系均属于液-固反应体系.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-06-14.5-A23)HAAFS Basic Science and Technology Contract Project(Grant No.HBNKY-BGZ-02)Technical System of Foxtail Millet Industry in Hebei Province.
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)growth was inhibited because of waterlogging stress,which has caused yield reduc-tion.ERF family plays an important role to plant adversity tolerance.In our study,we obtained 19,819 differential expressed genes(DEGs)between the two treatments based on the RNA-seq sequencing of foxtail millet of water-logging stress.Furthermore,a total of 28 ERF family members were obtained,which have a complete open read-ing frame.We studied the evolution and function of SiERF family and how they affected the waterlogging tolerance.It was found that SiERF1A/B/C(GenBank ID:OR775217,OR775219,OR775218)and SiRAP2-12(GenBank ID:OR775216)have similar functions to the known waterlogging tolerance genes of other plants.Among them,the SiRAP2-12 expression was obviously significantly up-regulated in foxtail millet after 5d water-logging stress.After SiRAP2-12 was silenced,the activity of defense enzymes in millet decreased significantly.In details,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD),the osmotic regulator proline(Pro),and the activity of the anaerobic respiratory enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)content were decreased by 78.61%,29.52%,79.95%,19.41%and 54.77%,respectively.In contrast,the relative electrical conductivity contents(REC),malondialdehyde(MDA),and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))of the foxtail millet subjected to virus-induced gene silencing clearly increased by 1.03-fold,36.09%,and 15.21%,respectively.The content of sodium(Na^(+))in the SiRAP2-12-silenced foxtail millet also increased,but that of potassium(K^(+))decreased.Interestingly,we found that ethylene content was significantly reduced.Further,the SiAOC1 expression,an essential gene for ethylene synthesis,was inhibited in SiRAP2-12-silenced foxtail millet after waterlogging stress.Taken together,we hypothesized that SiRAP2-12 might be a positive regulator of millet tolerance to waterlogging stress.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1908225)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaocheng University (No.318052124)。
文摘Based on the mass action concentration theory,a novel thermodynamic analysis for the raw material ratio in the procedure of preparing Ti-6Al-4V alloy by aluminothermic reduction process is proposed in this paper,which is originated from TiO_(2),Al particles,and V_(2)O_(5) as feedstocks,and the relevant equilibrium thermodynamics was calculated through this new method.The results show that the range of aluminum addition coefficient in raw material to experiment should be controlled within 61.5%-100%,which can significantly reduce the number of experimental groups.This method is ready to regulate the matter of excessive aluminum content in reactants for materials preparation,especially for those reactions including elements that are effortless to combine with aluminum to form the corresponding intermetallics or alloys.In addition,it can also be used in general metallurgy or material preparation process to effectively predict the composition and proportion of equilibrium components under certain conditions.
文摘分别对Al-TiO_2,Al-V_2O_5,Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2及Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2-CaO体系的热力学和动力学进行了研究.结果表明:采用铝粉直接还原TiO_2,V_2O_5粉末制备Ti-6Al-4V合金是可行的.加入CaO会降低体系单位质量反应热,需要补热才能维持反应进行.Al还原TiO_2的反应在951℃发生,表观活化能E1为166.47 k J/mol,反应级数n1为0.398 2;Al还原V_2O_5的反应在946℃发生,表观活化能E_2为392.72 k J/mol,反应级数n_2为1.061 8.Al粉还原V_2O_5和TiO_2制备Ti-6Al-4V合金体系的反应在1 019℃左右发生,表观活化能E3为173.56 k J/mol,反应级数n3为0.472 2;加入CaO后,反应在979℃左右发生,体系表观活化能升高但反应级数降低.这四个体系均属于液-固反应体系.
