【目的】研究“以肥调水”缓解干旱对南疆无膜滴灌棉花生理生长的调控作用,提高水资源限制条件下棉花产量。【方法】以中棉619为供试材料,设置亏缺灌溉(W1:45 mm)和充分灌溉(W2:54 mm)2种灌水定额,低氮(F1:150 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(F...【目的】研究“以肥调水”缓解干旱对南疆无膜滴灌棉花生理生长的调控作用,提高水资源限制条件下棉花产量。【方法】以中棉619为供试材料,设置亏缺灌溉(W1:45 mm)和充分灌溉(W2:54 mm)2种灌水定额,低氮(F1:150 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(F2:225 kg·hm^(-2))和高氮(F3:300 kg·hm^(-2))3个施氮量,分析不同灌水定额和施氮量对棉花生理生长指标和籽棉产量的影响。【结果】灌水定额的增加促进了棉花生长,提高了棉花2年平均叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD值)和净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn),降低了棉花超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。随着施氮量的增加,棉花2年平均LAI、SPAD值、抗氧化酶活性和Pn随之增加,MDA含量减少,棉花受水分亏缺的影响减轻。W1处理下施氮量的增加提高了棉花产量,W2处理下随着施氮量的增加棉花产量呈先增后减趋势,在水氮交互作用下,W2F2处理下2年平均产量最高(6821.86 kg·hm^(-2)),其次是W1F3处理(6717.72 kg·hm^(-2))。在优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)分析中,W1F3和W2F2处理的综合评分较为接近,分别为0.57和0.56,并且W1F3和W2F2处理下籽棉产量差异不显著。【结论】亏缺灌溉下增加施氮量可有效缓解干旱对棉花生理性状和籽棉产量的不利影响。推荐南疆无膜滴灌棉田45 mm灌水定额(生育期灌水10次)搭配300 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量作为灌溉和施肥策略,以保障在水资源限制条件下的棉花产量。展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.) is an economically vital grain crop that is cultivated worldwide. In 2011, a maize foliar disease was detected in Lingtai and Lintao counties in Gansu Province, China. The characteristic signs and s...Maize(Zea mays L.) is an economically vital grain crop that is cultivated worldwide. In 2011, a maize foliar disease was detected in Lingtai and Lintao counties in Gansu Province, China. The characteristic signs and symptoms of this disease include irregular chlorotic lesions on the tips and edges of infected leaves and black punctate fruiting bodies in dead leaf tissues. Given favourable environmental conditions, this disease spread to areas surrounding Gansu. In this study, infected leaves were collected from Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between 2018and 2020 to identify the disease-causing pathogen. Based on morphological features, pathogenicity tests, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis involving internal transcribed spacer(ITS), 18S small subunit rDNA(SSU), 28S large subunit rDNA(LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha(TEF), and β-tubulin(TUB) sequences, Eutiarosporella dactylidis was identified as the causative pathogen of this newly discovered leaf blight. Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay was conducted on representative strains using six fungicides, and both fludioxonil and carbendazim were found to significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of E. dactylidis. The results of this study provide a reference for the detection and management of Eutiarosporella leaf blight.展开更多
[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further impr...[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further improving the quality standards of hospital preparations.[Methods]The effective components of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The microscopic identification of the three Chinese medicinal materials in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste showed the microscopic characteristics of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali and Radix Notoginseng.TLC identification showed that there were characteristic spots of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Notoginseng in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste.[Conclusions]This study established the quality standard research method of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste,which further strengthens the safety standards of hospital preparations,and improves the clinical efficacy of drugs,as well as the quality standards of hospital preparations to a certain extent.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究“以肥调水”缓解干旱对南疆无膜滴灌棉花生理生长的调控作用,提高水资源限制条件下棉花产量。【方法】以中棉619为供试材料,设置亏缺灌溉(W1:45 mm)和充分灌溉(W2:54 mm)2种灌水定额,低氮(F1:150 kg·hm^(-2))、中氮(F2:225 kg·hm^(-2))和高氮(F3:300 kg·hm^(-2))3个施氮量,分析不同灌水定额和施氮量对棉花生理生长指标和籽棉产量的影响。【结果】灌水定额的增加促进了棉花生长,提高了棉花2年平均叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD值)和净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn),降低了棉花超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。随着施氮量的增加,棉花2年平均LAI、SPAD值、抗氧化酶活性和Pn随之增加,MDA含量减少,棉花受水分亏缺的影响减轻。W1处理下施氮量的增加提高了棉花产量,W2处理下随着施氮量的增加棉花产量呈先增后减趋势,在水氮交互作用下,W2F2处理下2年平均产量最高(6821.86 kg·hm^(-2)),其次是W1F3处理(6717.72 kg·hm^(-2))。在优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)分析中,W1F3和W2F2处理的综合评分较为接近,分别为0.57和0.56,并且W1F3和W2F2处理下籽棉产量差异不显著。【结论】亏缺灌溉下增加施氮量可有效缓解干旱对棉花生理性状和籽棉产量的不利影响。推荐南疆无膜滴灌棉田45 mm灌水定额(生育期灌水10次)搭配300 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量作为灌溉和施肥策略,以保障在水资源限制条件下的棉花产量。
基金supported by the Doctor Foundation of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2020GAAS33)the Young Science and Technology Lifting Engineering Talents in Gansu Province,China(2020-18)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-ICS)。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.) is an economically vital grain crop that is cultivated worldwide. In 2011, a maize foliar disease was detected in Lingtai and Lintao counties in Gansu Province, China. The characteristic signs and symptoms of this disease include irregular chlorotic lesions on the tips and edges of infected leaves and black punctate fruiting bodies in dead leaf tissues. Given favourable environmental conditions, this disease spread to areas surrounding Gansu. In this study, infected leaves were collected from Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between 2018and 2020 to identify the disease-causing pathogen. Based on morphological features, pathogenicity tests, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis involving internal transcribed spacer(ITS), 18S small subunit rDNA(SSU), 28S large subunit rDNA(LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha(TEF), and β-tubulin(TUB) sequences, Eutiarosporella dactylidis was identified as the causative pathogen of this newly discovered leaf blight. Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay was conducted on representative strains using six fungicides, and both fludioxonil and carbendazim were found to significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of E. dactylidis. The results of this study provide a reference for the detection and management of Eutiarosporella leaf blight.
基金Supported by The Self-financing Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZZC2020496)Wuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(201902214)Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Wuzhou(WZWS-Z2023036).
文摘[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further improving the quality standards of hospital preparations.[Methods]The effective components of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The microscopic identification of the three Chinese medicinal materials in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste showed the microscopic characteristics of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali and Radix Notoginseng.TLC identification showed that there were characteristic spots of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Notoginseng in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste.[Conclusions]This study established the quality standard research method of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste,which further strengthens the safety standards of hospital preparations,and improves the clinical efficacy of drugs,as well as the quality standards of hospital preparations to a certain extent.
