不同运动方式对特克赛尔种公羊精液品质的影响

为研究运动方式对特克赛尔种公羊精液品质与性欲的影响,试验选取40只健康、性欲正常特克赛尔种公羊,随机分为4组,每组10只,进行10周不同方式的运动训练,试验期最后1 d间隔采精2次,测定4组种公羊的精液品质与性欲评分指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,A组、B组、C组的运动方式极显著提升种公羊的鲜精活率(P<0.01),运动方式对精液量与精子密度无显著影响,与A组、对照组相比,B组与C组极显著降低种公羊的精子畸形率(P<0.01),B组与C组的有效精子数显著升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,A组、B组、C组显著降低种公羊的性反应时间(P<0.05),A组明显高于B组、C组(P<0.05),运动方式对种公羊射精爬跨次数与性欲评分无显著影响。由此说明,运动可显著改善特克赛尔种公羊的精液品质与性欲,驱赶跑动为种公羊最优的运动方式。

节气在草原牧区肉羊生产中的作用

新疆维吾尔自治区深居内陆,区内水热资源时空分布极不均衡,长期以来农牧民应气候随机而动从事牧业生产,但因未整理成完整的理论体系,不免在实际过程中略显盲目,造成一定的经济损失。“二十四节气”作为我国古代指导农事的补充历法,在黄河中下游流域农事活动中发挥重大指导作用。目前自治区牧业生产已进入高质量发展转型时期,应用节气知识和气候规律指导草原牧区开展肉羊生产,科学合理地组织生产、疫病防治、安全生产,将有利于提高肉羊养殖效益,促进草原畜牧业提质增效、高质量发展。该文介绍如何将节气相关知识应用于肉羊生产中的重要环节如配种、饲养管理、疾病防控,供广大农牧民参考。

Multi-foci metalens for spectra and polarization ellipticity recognition and reconstruction

Multispectral and polarized focusing and imaging are key functions that are vitally important for a broad range of optical applications.Conventional techniques generally require multiple shots to unveil desired optical information and are implemented via bulky multi-pass systems or mechanically moving parts that are difficult to integrate into compact and integrated optical systems.Here,a design of ultra-compact transversely dispersive metalens capable of both spectrum and polarization ellipticity recognition and reconstruction in just a single shot is demonstrated with both coherent and incoherent light.Our design is well suited for integrated and high-speed optical information analysis and can significantly reduce the size and weight of conventional devices while simplifying the process of collecting optical information,thereby promising for various applications,including machine vision,minimized spectrometers,material characterization,remote sensing,and other areas which require comprehensive optical analysis.

地方肉羊品种所产绵羊绒的品质概述与经济挖潜

以哈萨克羊为主的“土种羊”的产品也是多元的,其所产粗毛套中的“底绒”即“绵羊绒”,具有优质天然纤维的纺织特性,是非常贵重的毛纺原料亟待开发挖潜。在地方肉羊主产区建设绵羊绒分梳研发生产基地,带领产区广大农牧民共同走绵羊绒产业发展之路,既可充分利用好当地现有畜产品资源禀赋,拓宽畜牧产业新领域,延伸畜牧产业链条,形成新产品新品牌,活跃地方产业经济。同时,还可通过产业拓展带动解决当地农牧民就业,巩固脱贫攻坚成果,为当地农牧民带来实实在在的收益。

Seamlessly Merging the Capacity of P into Sb at Same Voltage with Maintained Superior Cycle Stability and Low-temperature Performance for Li-ion Batteries

Among the alloying-type anodes,elemental Sb possesses the suitable yet safe plateau,simple lithiation pathway,small voltage polarization,high conductivity,and superior cycle stability.However,challenge is that its intrinsic capacity is rather low(660 mAh g^(-1)),<1/6 of silicon.Herein,we propose a seamless integration strategy by merging the voltage and capacity of phosphorus and antimony into a solid solution alloy.Interestingly,the enlistment of P is found greatly enlarge the capacity from 660 to 993 mAh g^(-1) for such Sb_(30)P_(30) solid solution,while maintaining a single and stable discharge plateau(~0.79 V)similar to elemental Sb.Various experimental characterizations including XPS,PDF,Raman,and EDS mapping reveal that in such a material the P and Sb atoms have interacted with each other to form a homogenous solid solution alloy,rather than a simple mixing of the two substances.Thus,the Sb_(30)P_(30) exhibits superior rate performances(807 mAh g^(-1) at 5000 mA g^(-1))and cyclability(821 mAh g^(-1) remained after 300 cycles).Furthermore,such Sb_(60-x)P_(x) alloys can even deliver 621 mAh g^(-1) at
30℃,which can be served as the alternative anode materials for high-energy and low-temperature batteries.This unique seamless integration strategy based on solid solution chemistry can be easily leveraged to manipulate the capacity of other electrode materials at similar voltage.

Donor-Derived Transmission of Scedosporiosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients from a Systemic lupus erythematosus donor

Donor-derived infection(DDI)associated with Scedosporium spp is extremely rare,and results in a very poor prognosis.The present study reports a probable DDI due to Scedosporium boydii(S.boydii)from a donor with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.Two recipients developed Scedosporiosis after kidney transplantation from the same donor.Recipient 1 died of central nervous system infection due to S.boydii based on the clinical presentations,and the positive metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)and culture results for the cerebrospinal fluid.The other recipient with urinary tract obstruction due to S.boydii,which was identified through the positive culture and mNGS results of the removed stents,was successfully treated by stent replacement and voriconazole administration.Undiagnosed disseminated donor infection and the transmission of S.boydii should be given attention,particularly when the donor and recipients have primary immunodeficiency disease.The screening of donors and recipients for S.boydii using mNGS may be helpful in guiding antifungal prophylaxis and treatment recipients,due to its higher sensitivity and shorter diagnostic time relative to other traditional techniques.

尼龙袋法评定打瓜籽副产物的瘤胃降解率

试验旨在评定打瓜籽副产物(打瓜籽壳、打瓜籽粉及打瓜籽粕)在育肥羊瘤胃内的有效降解率。选用3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的体重为(33.00±3.72)kg的哈萨克公羊,采用尼龙袋法测定打瓜籽副产物的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)在瘤胃内的有效降解率。结果表明,在外流速度为4.98%时,打瓜籽壳、打瓜籽粉及打瓜籽粕中DM的有效降解率分别为7.84%、16.09%、19.25%,OM的有效降解率分别为4.12%、14.64%、17.71%,CP的有效降解率分别为12.62%、36.02%、49.22%。打瓜籽壳的饲喂价值较差,打瓜籽粉、打瓜籽粕中CP的有效降解率较高,可以作为育肥羊饲养中的一种新的蛋白补充来源。

留种公羔选择技术

冷季所产羔羊具有生长发育快、体质健壮、适应性好、抗逆性强等优点,建议选留这样的公羔以培育种用公羊,有利于提高羊群的综合品质和生产性能水平。该文主要论述留种公羔选择技术,向广大农牧民推介留种公羔的选择技术供参考。

TMR制粒与补饲干草组合处理对育肥羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响

试验旨在研究全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)不同物理形态(A1颗粒、A2粉料)及饲喂模式(B1不补饲苜蓿、B2补饲苜蓿)组合下,对育肥羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响,以期为育肥羊TMR的生产和应用提供参考数据。选取4只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的哈萨克育肥公羊作为试验动物,采用2×2二因子析因试验设计,4×4拉丁方饲喂方式,连续进行4期动物试验。结果表明:①各TMR间平均日采食量接近,A1B2组较其他TMR组平均日增重达到极显著水平(P<0.01),A1B2组料重比较A1B1、A2B1组达到显著水平(P<0.05);②日粮更换后,瘤胃pH值呈先下降后上升趋势,在第4 d达到最低值,其中A1组降低幅度达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),A2组瘤胃pH值波动较小,采食后12 h内,各组育肥羊瘤胃pH值在5.31~6.39之间变动,均在食后4 h达到最低,B2组各时间点瘤胃pH值略高于B1组(P>0.05),A1B1组瘤胃pH值在食后2~8 h降低到5.5以下,处于亚急性酸中毒(subacute rumen acidosis,SARA)状态;③瘤胃液氨氮浓度在更换日粮后呈先下降后上升趋势,在第3 d达到最低值,恢复稳定后,A1组较更换前有所提高(P>0.05),A2组接近日粮更换前水平,采食后12 h内,A1组瘤胃液氨氮浓度显著高于A2组(P<0.05)。综上所述,颗粒全混合日粮(pelleted total mixed ration,PTMR)与苜蓿干草组合,对羊育肥效果最佳,并且不会对育肥羊瘤胃发酵产生不利影响。

应用CNCPS-S模型预测全混合日粮碳水化合物绵羊瘤胃降解率的研究

本研究旨在应用康奈尔绵羊净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系(Cornell sheep net carbohydrate and protein system,CNCPS-S)的瘤胃降解预测模型预测日粮碳水化合物(CHO)瘤胃有效降解率,并实测验证CNCPS-S模型预测值的准确性。选取3只安装瘤胃瘘管、体重分别为(38.03±1.56)kg的哈萨克公羊作为试验动物,配制3种精粗比分别为30∶70、35∶65、40∶60的全混合日粮(TMR),利用瘤胃灌注试验和尼龙袋试验实测3种日粮CHO的瘤胃外流速度(Kp)和降解率,同时利用CNCPS-S模型预测3种日粮CHO的Kp与降解率,对CHO的降解率预测值和实测值进行线性回归分析,评价模型预测的准确性。结果表明:3种TMR的瘤胃食糜Kp随精料比例增加而依次升高(P<0.01),分别为3.58%/h、3.83%/h、4.05%/h,据此计算而得的CHO的降解率分别为42.7%、43.1%、42.3%(P>0.05);随精料比例的增加,3种TMR的瘤胃食糜Kp的模型预测值依次升高(P>0.05),分别为1.62%/h、1.63%/h、1.64%/h,CHO瘤胃降解率的预测值分别为39.5%、39.1%、39.6%(P>0.05);3种日粮CHO瘤胃降解率的预测值与实测值之间的平均偏差比较小(≤4 g/100 g CHO),相关性较高(R2≥0.86),均方根误差也较低(RMSE≤1.93 g/100 g CHO)。以上结果说明,CNCPS-S瘤胃降解预测模型对日粮CHO的降解率具有较好的预测能力。

颗粒全混合日粮补饲干草饲喂下育肥羊限制性氨基酸的研究

试验旨在研究颗粒全混合日粮补饲干草饲喂下,十二指肠灌注剔除蛋氨酸和苏氨酸的氨基酸溶液对育肥羊氮代谢的影响。选取4只安装永久性十二指肠瘘管的健康哈萨克公羊作为试验动物,代谢笼内单笼饲养。采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,对照组为不含氨基酸组,试验组为含有8种必需氨基酸的全灌组(8EAA组)和分别在8EAA组基础上剔除蛋氨酸组(-Met组)和剔除苏氨酸组(-Thr组)。试验期28 d。结果显示,8EAA组育肥羊平均日增重(ADG)较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。与8EAA组相比,-Met组ADG显著降低(P<0.05)。8EAA组育肥羊总摄入氮、尿氮、表观消化氮、氮表观消化率和氮沉积显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与8EAA组相比,-Met组尿氮含量显著升高(P<0.05),氮沉积显著降低(P<0.05)。与8EAA组相比,-Thr组尿氮含量提高(P>0.05),氮沉积降低(P>0.05)。8EAA组血清尿素氮浓度较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。与8EAA组相比,-Met组和-Thr组血清尿素氮的浓度有升高趋势,其中-Met组达到显著水平(P<0.05)。试验表明,颗粒全混合日粮补饲干草饲喂下,育肥羊存在限制性氨基酸,其中蛋氨酸和苏氨酸可能是第一和第二限制性氨基酸。

基于CNCPS-S模型对全混合日粮蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内有效降解率的预测研究

研究旨在应用瘤胃尼龙袋法验证康奈尔净碳水化合物和净蛋白质绵羊体系(CNCPS-S)蛋白质瘤胃降解预测模型的适用性。选取3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的哈萨克去势公羊作为试验动物,应用尼龙袋法测定全混合日粮(TMR)蛋白质组分的瘤胃动态降解率,并对蛋白质组分的瘤胃降解速率进行最小二乘估计,对TMR的食糜外流速度(Kp)进行实测和预测,最后得出蛋白质瘤胃降解模型适用性的验证结果。结果表明:①TMR1和TMR2的Kp预测值均显著低于实测值(P<0.05);②3种TMR之间的蛋白质瘤胃有效降解率的实测值差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋白质瘤胃降解率预测值差异极显著(P<0.01),表现为TMR1>TMR3>TMR2;③改良后的蛋白质瘤胃降解模型显示预测值和实测值平均偏差较低;相关系数范围在0.55~0.84之间;斜率接近1;均方根误差较低。以上结果说明CNCPS-S对绵羊CP瘤胃降解率具有较好的预测能力。

应用CNCPS-S模型预测瘤胃微生物蛋白合成量的研究

研究旨在应用康奈尔绵羊净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系(Cornell sheep net carbohydrate and protein system,CNCPS-S)的预测模型预测日粮瘤胃pH值与微生物蛋白质(MCP)合成量,并通过实测验证模型预测值的准确性。选取3只安装瘤胃和十二指肠瘘管的哈萨克公羊为试验动物,配制3种精粗比为30:70、35:65、40:60的全混合日粮(TMR)。采用3×3拉丁方设计,共3期试验,每期18 d,其中10 d为预试期,8 d为样品采集,测定瘤胃液pH和MCP合成量。同时利用CNCPS-S模型预测3种日粮的MCP合成量,评价模型预测的准确性。结果表明:①3种TMR的瘤胃液pH的实测值分别在6.38~6.71、6.01~6.59、5.81~6.41之间,模型预测pH为固定值6.46;②随着精料水平增加,3种TMR均为瘤胃能氮负平衡型,瘤胃能氮平衡(RENB)值均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),3种TMR的MCP的模型预测值依次升高,分别为210.29、215.31、246.94 g/d(P>0.05),实测值也依次升高,分别为93.83、97.33、100.27 g/d(P<0.05);③经线性回归分析,3种日粮MCP的预测值与十二指肠MCP实测值之间的平均偏差比较大(平均偏差≥116 g/d),相关性低(R^2≤0.75),误差均方根(RMSE)都较高。以上结果说明,CNCPS-S对我国绵羊瘤胃pH值具有较好的预测能力,但对MCP合成量具有较低的预测能力。

Lentivirus vectors construction of SiRNA targeting interference GPC3 gene and its biological effects on liver cancer cell lines Huh-7

Objective:To build GPC3 gene short hairpin interference RNA(shRNA)slow virus veclor.observe expression of Huh-7 GPC3 gene in human liver cell line proliferation apoptosis and the effect of GPC3 gene influencing on liver cancer cell growth,and provide theoretical basis for genc therapy of liver cancer.Methods:Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh-7 wsa transfected by a RNA interference technique.GPC3 gene expression in a variety of liver cancer cell lines was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Targeted GPC3 gene seqnences of small interfering RNA(siRNA)PGC-shRNA-GPC3 were restructured.Stable expression cell linse of siRNA were screened and established with the heplp of liposomes(lipofectamine^(TM2000))as carrier transfcetion of human liver cell lines.In order to validate siRNA interference efficiency.GPC3 siRNA mRNA expression was detected after transfection by using RT-PCR and Western blot.The absorbance value of the cells of blank group,untransfection group and transfection group,the cell cycle and cell apoptosis were calculated,and effects of GPC3 gene nn Huh-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed.Results:In the liver cancer cell lines Huh-7 GPC3 gene showed high expression.PGC-shRNA-GPC3 recombinant plasmid was constructde successfully via sequencing validation.Stable recombinant plasmid transfected into liver cancer cell linse Huh-7can obviously inhibit GPC3 mRNA expression level.Conclusions:The targeted GPC3 siRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of GPC3.

Spintronics in Two-Dimensional Materials

Spintronics,exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector,is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)devices.Recently,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been drawing tremendous attention in spintronics owing to their distinctive spin-dependent properties,such as the ultralong spin relaxation time of graphene and the spin-valley locking of transition metal dichalcogenides.Moreover,the related heterostructures provide an unprecedented probability of combining the di erent characteristics via proximity e ect,which could remedy the limitation of individual 2D materials.Hence,the proximity engineering has been growing extremely fast and has made significant achievements in the spin injection and manipulation.Nevertheless,there are still challenges toward practical application;for example,the mechanism of spin relaxation in 2D materials is unclear,and the high-effciency spin gating is not yet achieved.In this review,we focus on 2D materials and related heterostructures to systematically summarize the progress of the spin injection,transport,manipulation,and application for information storage and processing.We also highlight the current challenges and future perspectives on the studies of spintronic devices based on 2D materials.

应用CNCPS-S预测全混合日粮蛋白质在绵羊肠道的消化率

试验旨在应用尼龙袋法和体内法验证康奈尔净碳水化合物和净蛋白质绵羊体系(CNCPS-S)蛋白质肠道消化率预测模型的适用性。选取3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的哈萨克去势公羊作为试验动物,配制3种精粗比为30:70、35:65、40:60的全混合日粮(TMR)。应用尼龙袋法和体内法实测TMR的瘤胃未降解蛋白质(CP)数量,CP肠道消化率和CP全消化道消化率,同时对TMR各CP组分的小肠消化率系数(Pb)运用最小二乘法进行估计,应用CNCPS-S预测TMR的CP肠道消化率和CP全消化道消化率,最后将预测值和实测值进行线性回归分析,评价预测模型的准确性。结果表明:对小肠消化率系数(Pb1、Pb2、Pb3、Pc)预测方程进行修正后,3种TMR的Pb1和Pb2均为100.00%,Pb3的拟合范围73.72%~83.11%,Pc的范围18.64%~32.28%。据此预测3种TMR之间CP肠道消化率未表现出显著差异(P>0.05),TMR1和TMR2的CP全消化道消化率显著高于TMR3(P<0.05);3种TMR的CP肠道消化率预测值与实测值之间的相关系数较高(0.87~0.98),均方根误差较低(0.59%~7.19%),决定系数较高(0.65~0.95)。试验结果说明,CNCPS-S对饲粮CP肠道消化率具有较好的预测能力。

Anti-tumor effect of LTA combined with 5-FU on H22 tumor bearing mice

Objective: To study the effect of lipoteichoic acid(LTA) and 5-FU on the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α proteins of tumor tissue of H22 cancer bearing mice and its antitumor mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 SPF grade Kunming mice were selected to establish H22 liver cancer model, and then the mice were divided into 4 groups at random with ten mice in each group. Group A was given saline lavage treatment, Group B was treated with 5-FU by intraperitomeal injection, Group C was treated with LTA by lump body injection; Group D was treated with LTA by lump body injection and 5-FU by intraperitomeal injection. Two weeks after the treatment, the mice in each group were executed and the tumor tissue was stripping and weighted, and the tumor growth inhibition ratio was calculated. Then the tumor tissue was processed for conventional embedding, sectioned to observe the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α by immunohistochemical staining method. Results: The tumor inhibitory rate o f Group D was significantly higher than Groups B and C(P<0.05); B, the tumor inhibitory rate o f Group B had no statistical difference compared with Group C(P>0.05). The IDO values of TGF-α, EGFR proteins in Groups B, C, D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05); while IDO value of caspase-3 in Groups B, C, D group mice tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in Group A(P<0.05). The IDO value of TGF-α, EGFR in Group D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in Groups B and C; While IDO value of aspase-3 in Group D was significantly higher than that in Groups B and C(P<0.05). Conclusions: LTA combined with 5-FU can effectively inhibit the tumorigenesis of H22 tumor bearing mice, increase the caspase-3 protein expression, inhibit TGF –α and EGFR protein expression, further promote tumor cell apoptosis and play a synergistic antitumor effect.

A generic framework for geotechnical subsurface modeling with machine learning

This study introduces a generic framework for geotechnical subsurface modeling, which accounts for spatial autocorrelation with local mapping machine learning(ML) methods. Instead of using XY coordinate fields directly as model input, a series of autocorrelated geotechnical distance fields(GDFs) is designed to enable the ML models to infer the spatial relationship between the sampled locations and unknown locations. The whole framework using GDF with ML methods is named GDF-ML. This framework is purely data-driven which avoids the tedious work in the scale of fluctuations(SOFs)estimating and data detrending in the conventional spatial interpolation methods. Six local mapping ML methods(extra trees(ETs), gradient boosting(GB), extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost), random forest(RF), general regression neural network(GRNN) and k-nearest neighbors(KNN)) are compared in the GDF-ML framework. The results show that the GDFs are better than the conventional XY coordinate fields based ML methods in both accuracy and spatial continuity. GDF-ML is flexible which can be applied to high-dimensional, multi-variable and incomplete datasets. Among these six methods, GDF with ET method(GDF-ET) clearly shows the best accuracy and best spatial continuity. The proposed GDF-ET method can provide a fast and accurate interpretation of the soil property profile. Sensitivity analysis shows that this method is applicable to very small training dataset size. The associated statistical uncertainty can also be quantified so that the reliability of the subsurface modeling results can be estimated objectively and explicitly. The uncertainty results clearly show that the prediction becomes more accurate when more sampled data are available.

3-D hybrid LES-RANS model for simulation of open-channel T-diversion flows

The study of flow diversions in open channels plays an important practical role in the design and management of open-channel networks for irrigation or drainage. To accurately predict the mean flow and turbulence characteristics of open-channel dividing flows, a hybrid LES-RANS model, which combines the large eddy simulation （LES） model with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） model, is proposed in the present study. The unsteady RANS model was used to simulate the upstream and downstream regions of a main channel, as well as the downstream region of a branch channel. The LES model was used to simulate the channel diversion region, where turbulent flow characteristics are complicated. Isotropic velocity fluctuations were added at the inflow interface of the LES region to trigger the generation of resolved turbulence. A method based on the virtual body force is proposed to impose Reynolds-averaged velocity fields near the outlet of the LES region in order to take downstream flow effects computed by the RANS model into account and dissipate the excessive turbulent fluctuations. This hybrid approach saves computational effort and makes it easier to properly specify inlet and outlet boundary conditions. Comparison between computational results and experimental data indicates that this relatively new modeling approach can accurately predict open-channel T-diversion flows.

Hybrid Recommendation Based on Graph Embedding

In recent years,online reservation systems of country hotel have become increasingly popular in rural areas.How to accurately recommend the houses of country hotel to the users is an urgent problem to be solved.Aiming at the problem of cold start and data sparseness in recommendation,a Hybrid Recommendation method based on Graph Embedding(HRGE)is proposed.First,three types of network are built,including user-user network based on user tag,househouse network based on house tag,and user-user network based on user behavior.Then,by using the method of graph embedding,three types of network are respectively embedded into low-dimensional vectors to obtain the characterization vectors of nodes.Finally,these characterization vectors are used to make a hybrid recommendation.The datasets in this paper are derived from the Country Hotel Reservation System in Guizhou Province.The experimental results show that,compared with traditional recommendation algorithms,the comprehensive evaluation index(F1)of the HRGE is improved by 20% and the Mean Average Precision(MAP)is increased by 11%.