Surgical resection of a large hypopharyngeal hemangioma in an adult using neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser: A case report

BACKGROUND Generally,hemangiomas do not require surgical intervention;however,cases of large hemangiomas,potentially involving the throat and trachea,necessitate surgical therapy.Here,we present a case of hypopharyngeal hemangioma in an adult that was successfully treated with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd-YAG)laser.CASE SUMMARY Laryngoscopic examination of a 61-year-old man demonstrated the presence of a large,submucosal vascular lesion that extended into the epiglottis,left arytenoid cartilage,lateral to the aryepiglottic fold,and pyriform sinus.The lesion was resected and photocoagulated with limited hemorrhage using Nd:YAG laser.The hypopharyngeal hemangioma was completely excised.The patient showed no recurrence of hypopharyngeal hemangioma during the 1.5-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION Laser therapy is one of the effective tools for treating hemangiomas with rapid,uncontrolled growth or in functional areas,with few side effects and complications.The present case of a male patient with a large hypopharyngeal hemangioma,treated with YAG laser,demonstrates the efficacy of laser photocoagulation in treating cases of hemangiomas,without the risk of bleeding or airway obstruction.The favorable postoperative outcomes demonstrated by our patient with Nd:YAG laser therapy indicate its consideration in the therapy of similar cases.

Interaction between γ'precipitate distribution and microstructure homogeneity during hot deformation in a Ni-based superalloy

The inhomogeneous microstructure of the Ni-based superalloys used for turbine disks was an intolerable defect for the mechanical performance.The effects of the distribution ofγ'precipitate,forging temperature,and strain level on the microstructure evolution of GH4730 alloy were investigated by EBSD during hot deformation.The results showed that the heterogeneous factor peaked at the transition temperature from the single-phase to the double-phase region.The coupling effect of heat and stress led to the heterogeneous precipitation and distribution ofγ'phase during the transition region,which was the main reason for the formation of inhomogeneous microstructures.The coherentγ'phases of approximately 0.3μm were diffusely distributed inside the large grains,increasing the grain strength,making recrystallization refinement difficult,and thus forming large unrecrystallized grains.The incoherentγ'phases with a size of approximately 1.1μm located at the grain boundaries and pinned the grain boundaries,and thus the accumulated strain at the grain boundaries caused the occurrence of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and promoted continuous refinement of the grains.The microstructure evolution of new Ni-based superalloys during hot forging was focused,and the formation mechanism of inhomogeneous microstructure and control measures was explained.A theoretical basis for improving the microstructure homogeneity of the new cast and wrought superalloys was provided.

Selective 1,4-arylsulfonation of 1,3-enynes via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis

A photoredox/nickel-catalyzed selective 1,4-arylsulfonation of 1,3-enynes to access structurally diverse sulfone-containing allenes has been established.This radical cascade transformation featured easy manipulation,mild conditions,low catalyst loading,broad substrate scope,and large-scale synthesis.The preliminary mechanistic studies indicated a possible radical-relay process enabled by the radical capture of nickel(0)species.

Planarized Polymer Acceptor Featuring High Electron Mobility for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells

Significant progress has been achieved for all-polymer solar cells(APSCs)in the last few years by the use of polymerized small molecular acceptors(PSMAs).Developing high electron mobility polymer acceptors has been considered a feasible solution to further improve the photovoltaic performance of APSCs and fabricate thick film devices,which contributed to roll-to-roll printing techniques.In this work,we designed and synthesized PSV,an A-DA’D-A small molecule acceptor-based PSMA with the vinyl group as a bridged linkage to reduce the steric hindrance between the 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone(IC)terminal group.In comparison with the C-C bond linked polymer acceptor PS,PSV exhibits an almost planar conjugated framework and well-ordered molecular stacking in the thin film.Moreover,PSV exhibits superior n-type semiconducting properties with high electron mobility of up to 0.54 cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1),which is the highest value among reported PSMAs.By utilizing PM6 as a polymer donor,PSV-based blend forms a favorable nanomorphology and exhibits high and well-balanced hole/electron mobilities,which is beneficial for exciton separation and charge transport.Consequently,APSCs based on PM6:PSV achieved high power conversion efficiencies of up to 15.73%,with a simultaneously realized high Voc of 0.923 V,Jsc of 23.2 mA·cm^(-2),and FF of 0.734.Such superior features enable PSV with excellent thickness-insensitive properties and over 13%PCE was obtained at 300 nm.To the best of our knowledge,the high PCE of 15.73%with excellent electron mobility of 0.54 cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1)is the highest values reported for APSCs.These results point to the great significance of developing polymer acceptors with a high electron mobility for boosting the performance of APSCs.

Development of Monofluoroalkenes as Molecular Platform for Diversity-Oriented Syntheses of Tertiary Aliphatic Fluorides via Nickel/Manganese-Dual Catalysis

The selective introduction of fluorine atoms into drug candidates has long been used as a common strategy in drug discovery.Most methods used for the synthesis of tertiary aliphatic fluorides rely on C–F bond formation by fluorinating relatively stable tertiary carbon cation or radical intermediates,where the stoichiometric amounts of corrosive/expensive electrophilic fluorinating reagents were required.