Applications and potentials of machine learning in optoelectronic materials research:An overview and perspectives

Optoelectronic materials are essential for today's scientific and technological development,and machine learning provides new ideas and tools for their research.In this paper,we first summarize the development history of optoelectronic materials and how materials informatics drives the innovation and progress of optoelectronic materials and devices.Then,we introduce the development of machine learning and its general process in optoelectronic materials and describe the specific implementation methods.We focus on the cases of machine learning in several application scenarios of optoelectronic materials and devices,including the methods related to crystal structure,properties(defects,electronic structure)research,materials and devices optimization,material characterization,and process optimization.In summarizing the algorithms and feature representations used in different studies,it is noted that prior knowledge can improve optoelectronic materials design,research,and decision-making processes.Finally,the prospect of machine learning applications in optoelectronic materials is discussed,along with current challenges and future directions.This paper comprehensively describes the application value of machine learning in optoelectronic materials research and aims to provide reference and guidance for the continuous development of this field.

Nocardiosis with diffuse involvement of the pleura:A case report

BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is an uncommon infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients,and the pulmonary system is the most common site.We report an uncommon case of nocardiosis with diffuse involvement of the pleura,which presented as multiple localized nodular or hillock lesions on computed tomography(CT)with local chest wall infiltration.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to cough and fever for 20 d.She had a history of nephrotic syndrome for 7 mo and was given prednisone(60 mg/d)6 mo previously.The hormone was then gradually reduced to the current dose of 25 mg/d.Chest CT showed many nodular or hillock lesions in the right pleura,mediastinum,and interlobar fissure areas.On the lower layer,one lesion infiltrated the chest wall.She was treated with piperacillin sodium and sulbactam sodium,but the therapeutic effect was not good.In this regard,ultrasound-guided local infiltration anesthesia was further conducted for perihepatic hydrops drainage to improve diagnostic accuracy.Puncture fluid culture isolated Nocardia species,confirming the diagnosis of nocardiosis.Subtype Nocardia farcinica was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Antibiotic treatment was switched to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and imipenem.After 8 d of treatment,the patient was discharged from the hospital with improved condition,and she has been recurrence-free for 2 years.CONCLUSION This report illustrates that nocardiosis should be suspected when clinicians encounter patients who are immunocompromised and have diffuse involvement of the pleura.