BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer among women of reproductive age is increasing,as well as the desire for children at late childbearing age.Identifying factors that may be associated with fetal malformation an...BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer among women of reproductive age is increasing,as well as the desire for children at late childbearing age.Identifying factors that may be associated with fetal malformation and maternal and fetal prognosis has gained importance.We describe a 32-year-old woman with breast cancer who gave birth to a son with congenital bilateral cryptorchidism after treatment,with a literature review performed.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman with breast cancer who had been treated by surgery and radiotherapy experienced recurrence and underwent a second surgery,adjuvant chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.Her tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor(ER)α,progesterone receptor(PR),and p53;positive for ERβ,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and Ki67.She had pathogenic BRCA gene mutations.She became pregnant within 2 years and delivered a boy with congenital bilateral cryptorchidism.The boy underwent bilateral orchidopexy.As of this writing,the woman and her son are both healthy.CONCLUSION HER2 overexpression,positivity for EGFR,Ki67,and ER,and PR negativity are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer.While no link has been established statistically between treatment for breast cancer and cryptorchidism in a subsequent pregnancy,this case suggests the possibility that ERβand gene mutations may be contributing factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is frequently seen in developed and developing countries, and severe diarrhea is characterized by the high risk of death. Thus, it is very important to assess the severity of diarrhea early. We co...BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is frequently seen in developed and developing countries, and severe diarrhea is characterized by the high risk of death. Thus, it is very important to assess the severity of diarrhea early. We conducted a multi-center study to identify risk factors for the severity of diarrhea in adult patients and formulate an adult diarrhea state score(ADSS) for out-patient clinicians.METHODS: A total of 219 adult patients with acute diarrhea were divided into two groups: 132 patients with mild diarrhea and 87 with severe diarrhea. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for the severity of diarrhea. The risk factors were assessed and an ADSS was formulated. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was made to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ADSS, and the Kappa test was used to confi rm the diagnostic reliability.RESULTS: Five risk factors for evaluating the severity of diarrhea in adults included age(P<0.05), axillary temperature(P<0.01), mean arterial pressure(P<0.01), white blood cell count(WBC; P<0.01), and WBC in stool(P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve for ADSS was 0.958 when the cut off value was 4(a sensitivity of 0.909; a specif icity of 0.874), and the Kappa value was 0.781(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The risk factors associated with the pathogenic condition of diarrhea were identifi ed, quantifi ed and formulated into an ADSS, which has high diagnostic accuracy and reliability for the early identifi cation of patients with severe acute diarrhea.展开更多
Background： In the current society, infertility related to age has become a social problem. The in vitro fertilization （IVF） success rate in women with poor ovarian response （POR） is very low. Dandelion extract T...Background： In the current society, infertility related to age has become a social problem. The in vitro fertilization （IVF） success rate in women with poor ovarian response （POR） is very low. Dandelion extract T-1 （DE-T1） is an effective component of the extract from the leaves and stems of Traxacum officinale, which is one of the medicines used in some patients with POR, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Methods： Following IVF, ovarian granulosa cells （GCs） of sixty patients were extracted and divided into normal ovarian response （NOR） and POR groups. GCs were cultured in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner with DE-TI, proliferation of GCs was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF-1R）, luteotropic hormone receptor （LHR）, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）, LHR, and CYP19A1 （aromatase） were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Progesterone and estradiol （E2） concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results： The cell viability gradually increased with the progressive increase in the DE-T1 concentration. Compared with the control group （without DE-T1）, the mRNA expressions of FSHR, LHR, IGF-IR, and CYPIgAI were upregulated after the addition of DE-T l, especially in the 2.5% DE-T 1 group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The expression of IGF- 1R was upregulated approximately 25 times （24.97 ± 4.02 times） in the POR group with 2.5% DE-T1. E2 and progesterone levels increased with the increasing DE-T1 concentration. There were highly significant differences in the E2 and progesterone secretion between the NOR and POR groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： DE-TI may promote steroid hormone synthesis by promoting GC proliferation and upregulating GC receptor expression, thereby improving ovarian endocrine function.展开更多
Background：Premature ovarian failure （POF） is a disease that affects female fertility but has few effective treatments.Ovarian reserve function plays an important role in female fertility.Recent studies have report...Background：Premature ovarian failure （POF） is a disease that affects female fertility but has few effective treatments.Ovarian reserve function plays an important role in female fertility.Recent studies have reported that hydrogen can protect male fertility.Therefore,we explored the potential protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on ovarian reserve function through a mouse immune POF model.Methods：To set up immune POF model,fifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups：Control （mice consumed normal water,n =10）,hydrogen （mice consumed hydrogen-rich water,n =10）,model （mice were immunized with zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 [ZP3] and consumed normal water,n =15）,and model-hydrogen （mice were immunized with ZP3 and consumed hydrogen-rich water,n =15） groups.After 5 weeks,mice were sacrificed.Serum anti-M＆#252;llerian hormone （AMH） levels,granulosa cell （GC） apoptotic index （AI）,B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）,and BCL2-associated X protein （Bax） expression were examined.Analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 （SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA） software.Results：Immune POF model,model group exhibited markedly reduced serum AMH levels compared with those of the control group （5.41 ± 0.91 ng/ml vs.16.23 ± 1.97 ng/ml,P =0.033） and the hydrogen group （19.65 ± 7.82 ng/ml,P =0.006）.The model-hydrogen group displayed significantly higher AMH concentrations compared with that of the model group （15.03 ± 2.75 ng/ml vs.5.41 ± 0.91 ng/ml,P =0.021）.The GC AI was significantly higher in the model group （21.30 ± 1.74%） than those in the control （7.06 ± 0.27%）,hydrogen （5.17 ± 0.41%）,and model-hydrogen groups （11.24 ± 0.58%） （all P 〈 0.001）.The GC AI was significantly higher in the model-hydrogen group compared with that of the hydrogen group （1 1.24 ± 0.58% vs.5.1 7 ± 0.41%,P =0.021）.Compared with those of the model group,ovarian tissue Bcl-2 levels increased （2.18 ± 0.30 vs.3.01 ± 0.33,P =0.045） and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased in the model-hydrogen group.Conclusions：Hydrogen-rich water may improve serum AMH levels and reduce ovarian GC apoptosis in a mouse immune POF model induced by ZP3.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer among women of reproductive age is increasing,as well as the desire for children at late childbearing age.Identifying factors that may be associated with fetal malformation and maternal and fetal prognosis has gained importance.We describe a 32-year-old woman with breast cancer who gave birth to a son with congenital bilateral cryptorchidism after treatment,with a literature review performed.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old woman with breast cancer who had been treated by surgery and radiotherapy experienced recurrence and underwent a second surgery,adjuvant chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.Her tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor(ER)α,progesterone receptor(PR),and p53;positive for ERβ,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and Ki67.She had pathogenic BRCA gene mutations.She became pregnant within 2 years and delivered a boy with congenital bilateral cryptorchidism.The boy underwent bilateral orchidopexy.As of this writing,the woman and her son are both healthy.CONCLUSION HER2 overexpression,positivity for EGFR,Ki67,and ER,and PR negativity are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer.While no link has been established statistically between treatment for breast cancer and cryptorchidism in a subsequent pregnancy,this case suggests the possibility that ERβand gene mutations may be contributing factors.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period[2007BAI24B06]
文摘BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is frequently seen in developed and developing countries, and severe diarrhea is characterized by the high risk of death. Thus, it is very important to assess the severity of diarrhea early. We conducted a multi-center study to identify risk factors for the severity of diarrhea in adult patients and formulate an adult diarrhea state score(ADSS) for out-patient clinicians.METHODS: A total of 219 adult patients with acute diarrhea were divided into two groups: 132 patients with mild diarrhea and 87 with severe diarrhea. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for the severity of diarrhea. The risk factors were assessed and an ADSS was formulated. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was made to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ADSS, and the Kappa test was used to confi rm the diagnostic reliability.RESULTS: Five risk factors for evaluating the severity of diarrhea in adults included age(P<0.05), axillary temperature(P<0.01), mean arterial pressure(P<0.01), white blood cell count(WBC; P<0.01), and WBC in stool(P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve for ADSS was 0.958 when the cut off value was 4(a sensitivity of 0.909; a specif icity of 0.874), and the Kappa value was 0.781(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The risk factors associated with the pathogenic condition of diarrhea were identifi ed, quantifi ed and formulated into an ADSS, which has high diagnostic accuracy and reliability for the early identifi cation of patients with severe acute diarrhea.
文摘Background： In the current society, infertility related to age has become a social problem. The in vitro fertilization （IVF） success rate in women with poor ovarian response （POR） is very low. Dandelion extract T-1 （DE-T1） is an effective component of the extract from the leaves and stems of Traxacum officinale, which is one of the medicines used in some patients with POR, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Methods： Following IVF, ovarian granulosa cells （GCs） of sixty patients were extracted and divided into normal ovarian response （NOR） and POR groups. GCs were cultured in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner with DE-TI, proliferation of GCs was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF-1R）, luteotropic hormone receptor （LHR）, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）, LHR, and CYP19A1 （aromatase） were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Progesterone and estradiol （E2） concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results： The cell viability gradually increased with the progressive increase in the DE-T1 concentration. Compared with the control group （without DE-T1）, the mRNA expressions of FSHR, LHR, IGF-IR, and CYPIgAI were upregulated after the addition of DE-T l, especially in the 2.5% DE-T 1 group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The expression of IGF- 1R was upregulated approximately 25 times （24.97 ± 4.02 times） in the POR group with 2.5% DE-T1. E2 and progesterone levels increased with the increasing DE-T1 concentration. There were highly significant differences in the E2 and progesterone secretion between the NOR and POR groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： DE-TI may promote steroid hormone synthesis by promoting GC proliferation and upregulating GC receptor expression, thereby improving ovarian endocrine function.
文摘Background：Premature ovarian failure （POF） is a disease that affects female fertility but has few effective treatments.Ovarian reserve function plays an important role in female fertility.Recent studies have reported that hydrogen can protect male fertility.Therefore,we explored the potential protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on ovarian reserve function through a mouse immune POF model.Methods：To set up immune POF model,fifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups：Control （mice consumed normal water,n =10）,hydrogen （mice consumed hydrogen-rich water,n =10）,model （mice were immunized with zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 [ZP3] and consumed normal water,n =15）,and model-hydrogen （mice were immunized with ZP3 and consumed hydrogen-rich water,n =15） groups.After 5 weeks,mice were sacrificed.Serum anti-M＆#252;llerian hormone （AMH） levels,granulosa cell （GC） apoptotic index （AI）,B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）,and BCL2-associated X protein （Bax） expression were examined.Analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 （SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA） software.Results：Immune POF model,model group exhibited markedly reduced serum AMH levels compared with those of the control group （5.41 ± 0.91 ng/ml vs.16.23 ± 1.97 ng/ml,P =0.033） and the hydrogen group （19.65 ± 7.82 ng/ml,P =0.006）.The model-hydrogen group displayed significantly higher AMH concentrations compared with that of the model group （15.03 ± 2.75 ng/ml vs.5.41 ± 0.91 ng/ml,P =0.021）.The GC AI was significantly higher in the model group （21.30 ± 1.74%） than those in the control （7.06 ± 0.27%）,hydrogen （5.17 ± 0.41%）,and model-hydrogen groups （11.24 ± 0.58%） （all P 〈 0.001）.The GC AI was significantly higher in the model-hydrogen group compared with that of the hydrogen group （1 1.24 ± 0.58% vs.5.1 7 ± 0.41%,P =0.021）.Compared with those of the model group,ovarian tissue Bcl-2 levels increased （2.18 ± 0.30 vs.3.01 ± 0.33,P =0.045） and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased in the model-hydrogen group.Conclusions：Hydrogen-rich water may improve serum AMH levels and reduce ovarian GC apoptosis in a mouse immune POF model induced by ZP3.
