Protective effect of curcumin against liver warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model is associated with regulation of heat shock protein and antioxidant enzymes

AIM: To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression and antioxidant enzyme activity. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, C + I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver warm ischemia and reperfusion was used. Curcumin (50 mg/kg) was administered by injection through a branch of superior mesenteric vein at 30 min before ischemia in C + I/R group. Five rats were used to investigate the survival during 1 wk after operation in each group. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver tissue NO2- + NO3-, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitricoxide synthase (NOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, Hsp70 expression and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS: Compared with I/R group, curcumin pretreatment group showed less ischemia/reperfusion- induced injury. CAT and SOD activity and Hsp70 expression increased significantly. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in I/R group than in C + I/R group, and a significant increase of MDA, NO2- + NO3- and MPO level in liver tissues and serum transaminase concentration was also observed in I/R group compared to C + I/R group. Curcumin also decreased the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in liver after reperfusion,but had no effect on the level of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) after reperfusion in liver. The 7 d survival rate was significantly higher in C + I/R group than in I/R group. CONCLUSION: Curcumin has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanism might be related to the overexpression of Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes.

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Rabies Virus from Human Patients

Saliva and blood were collected from two patients who had not received post exposure prophylaxis in the cities of Wenzhou and Xinning respectively. Both patients were confirmed as positive for rabies by detection of rabies virus specific nucleoprotein antibodies in the sera by Western Blot. However, rabies virus specific RNA was only identified in the saliva collected from the patient in Wenzhou. Furthermore, the isolate Zhejiang Wz0 (H) was obtained by inoculating one-day-old suckling mice. Both nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes from the isolate were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to classic rabies virus, and shared a higher homology with the street viruses from dogs in the main endemic areas in China and the street virus from dogs in Indonesia than with other known strains. Further comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences between the isolate and the vaccine strains used in China showed that the virus had a higher level of homology with the vaccine strain CTN than with the other vaccine strains (3aG, PV, PM and ERA). In particular, amino acid residues substitutions located in antigenic site Ⅲ in the G protein, which could react with the neutralizing antibodies, were observed. These results suggested that the virus belonged to the classic rabies virus, and both N and G genes diverged from the current vaccine strains used in China at either the nucleotide or the amino acid level.

H9N2,行进在新亚型流感病毒的途中（英文）

目的:分析H9N2禽流感病毒通过基因重配形成H7N9和H10N8人间禽流感病毒的进程,探讨作为供体的禽流感病毒H9N2在当前中国的主要分布及其内部6个基因节段的进化关系。创新点:人间禽流感病毒H7N9和H10N8共起源于H9N2禽流感病毒早已成为共识,但共起源的时间节点、作为供体的禽流感病毒H9N2在当前中国的分布及其内部6个基因节段的进化关系鲜有论及。2014年,H5N6禽流感被多次报道造成人类感染。研究表明,H5N6禽流感具有复杂的重配来源,H9N2正是其一,加之H7N9第五波流行的严峻形势,亟需明确H9N2禽流感病毒通过基因重配形成新亚型的能力以及它在我国的当前主要分布。方法:从流感病毒公共数据库下载基因序列,评估查找适当的碱基替代模型,通过进化树查看与H7N9、H10N8及H5N6具有高度相似性的H9N2病毒的分布地区以及它们在内部6个基因节段上的进化关系,同时通过碱基替代速率的计算追溯最近共同祖先(tMRCA)及其分歧时间。结论:人间禽流感病毒H7N9与H10N8均在2012年之前形成,短期内通过碱基替代与基因重配形成了两种可感染人类的禽流感病毒,证实了H9N2通过重配形成新亚型的高效性。作为重配供体的H9N2至今仍广布于华东、华南及东南亚。其内部基因节段的重配复杂,发生在亚型内部的重配以及通过重配形成新的病毒亚型的风险都很高,需在禽畜中加强流感病毒的流行动态监测,特别是那些一向被忽视的编码内部蛋白的基因组节段。