A low noise, high fidelity cross phase modulation in multi-level atomic medium

We develop a hybrid scheme of cross phase modulation based on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)and active Raman gain(ARG)in a multi-level atomic medium.The cross phase modulation,with low loss and without noise,is demonstrated in a room-temperature ^(85)Rb vapor.We show that a p radian nonlinear Kerr phase shift of the signal light relative to a reference light is observed when the signal light is modulated by the phase control field with the low light intensity.We also show that the linear and the third-order absorption can be eliminated via the Raman gain,and the phase noise of the signal light can be ignored when the phase control light is applied in this hybrid scheme.

High-power free-running single-longitudinal-mode diamond Raman laser enabled by suppressing parasitic stimulated Brillouin scattering

A continuous-wave(CW)single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)Raman laser at 1240 nm with power of up to 20.6 W was demonstrated in a free-running diamond Raman oscillator without any axial-mode selection elements.The SLM operation was achieved due to the spatial-hole-burning free nature of Raman gain and was maintained at the highest available pump power by suppressing the parasitic stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS).A folded-cavity design was employed for reducing the perturbing effect of resonances at the pump frequency.At a pump power of 69 W,the maximum Stokes output reached 20.6 W,corresponding to a 30%optical-to-optical conversion efficiency from 1064to 1240 nm.The result shows that parasitic SBS is the main physical process disturbing the SLM operation of Raman oscillator at higher power.In addition,for the first time,the spectral linewidth of a CW SLM diamond Raman laser was resolved using the long-delayed self-heterodyne interferometric method,which is 105 kHz at 20 W.

Chemotherapeutic nanomaterials in tumor boundary delineation:Prospects for effective tumor treatment

Accurately delineating tumor boundaries is key to predicting survival rates of cancer patients and assessing response of tumor microenvironment to various therapeutic techniques such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.This review discusses various strategies that have been deployed to accurately delineate tumor boundaries with particular emphasis on the potential of chemotherapeutic nanomaterials in tumor boundary delineation.It also compiles the types of tumors that have been successfully delineated by currently available strategies.Finally,the challenges that still abound in accurate tumor boundary delineation are presented alongside possible perspective strategies to either ameliorate or solve the problems.It is expected that the information communicated herein will form the first compendious baseline information on tumor boundary delineation with chemotherapeutic nanomaterials and provide useful insights into future possible paths to advancing current available tumor boundary delineation approaches to achieve efficacious tumor therapy.

Baicalein inhibits SARS-CoV-2/VSV replication with interfering mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a mPTP dependent manner

Dear Editor,The ongoing outbreak of pneumonia(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has become a global health emergency.Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi extract,a Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)widely used for treating infection of multiple different viruses,1 also shows beneficial effects when treating COVID-19.However,underline mechanism for broad antiviral activity of Scutellaria B.extract remains elusive,which limits its further application.