基于纺织材料的人造血管制备及应用进展

为了制备具有良好顺应性、安全性能高的纺织人造血管,从人造血管的研究背景、研究价值和发展历程出发,阐述了涤纶(PET)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和丝素蛋白(SF)等几种用于人造血管的主要材料的特点,阐述了机织、针织、编织、非织造及3D打印制备人造血管主要方法的特点、适用范围及最新研究进展,归纳了在人造血管领域目前现存的问题,最后对未来纺织材料在人造血管中的应用研究趋势进行了展望,以期为开发理想的人造血管提供一定的参考。

耐有机溶剂型分离膜的制备及应用研究进展

有机溶剂的分离与纯化是近年来的研究热点,众多分离与纯化技术应运而生。耐有机溶剂膜分离技术具有高效节能、操作简便的优势,受到研究者们的普遍关注,在化工、环境、医药、纺织等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中概括了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的分离技术与分类,阐述了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的制备方法,介绍了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的应用进展,并对耐有机溶剂型分离膜的发展趋势进行了展望。综述内容可为耐有机溶剂型分离膜的推广和应用提供策略支撑。

芬顿氧化技术在膜上的应用现状

将芬顿氧化技术应用在膜上,不仅可以解决膜分离过程中产生的膜污染问题,而且克服了芬顿试剂不易回收、难以重复利用等缺点,引起了研究学者们的广泛关注。文中综合国内外芬顿催化膜的研究现状,介绍了芬顿催化膜的制备方法及优缺点,并将其概括为“一步法”和“两步法”;详细概述了芬顿膜在含油废水、印染废水、医疗废水、焦化废水和农药废水等方面的应用现状和发展前景,最后对芬顿膜的进一步应用作出展望。

聚四氟乙烯膜的亲水改性研究进展及应用

水资源短缺和水污染是当今世界最严重的资源环境问题之一。在众多水处理技术中,膜分离作为一种高效且环保的分离方法得到了广泛的发展。聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料具有耐化学腐蚀性、抗老化耐力和高热稳定性等特点,是膜分离技术中绝佳的分离材料。但PTFE膜的强疏水性限制了其在废水处理中的实际应用。文中重点介绍了PTFE材料的亲水改性方法并将其归纳为2种改性机制,综述了亲水改性PTFE膜在废水处理领域的应用进展,最后对其未来的研究方向作出了展望。

Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations.In this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the BTH.Due to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTH.Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based methods.Together with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

Sensitivity analysis of single-angle polarization reflectance observed by satellite

Two channels of the Cloud Aerosol Polarimetric Imager,onboard the TanSat-Chinese carbon dioxide observation satellite,are designed to detect the polarization state of radiation reflected by the earth-atmosphere system in a single-viewing angle.Aiming to understand how the earth and atmospheric parameters affect the polarization state of radiation,we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the polarized reflectance at the top of atmosphere(TOA)with respect to the aerosol microphysical parameters,atmospheric profiles,and surface polarization properties.It is found that(1)the TOA polarization reflectance at 0.66 lm is most sensitive to the real part of the aerosol complex refractive index,the mean radius of the fine mode aerosol particles,as well as atmospheric pressure and temperature profiles;(2)the TOA polarization reflectance at 1.64 lm is sensitive to the volume ratio between the coarse mode and fine mode particles as well,but it is not sensitive to atmospheric profiles;and(3)surface polarization properties have a relatively weak influence on the TOA polarization reflectance at both 0.66 and 1.64 lm.

Remote sensing precipitable water with GPS

The principle and method of remote sensing precipitable water (PW) by the Global Positioning System (GPS) are introduced. A series of tropospheric delay have been obtained from the dual frequency receiver’s data of global tracking stations in East Asia and precise satellite ephemeris of IGS from July 31 to August 20, 1997. The continuous PW at the interval of 30 min have been estimated at Shanghai and Wuhan GPS sites. The results are compared with PW from conventional radiosonde during the same period, and the RMS is about 0.50 cm.

Retrieval of column-averaged volume mixing ratio of CO_2 with ground-based high spectral resolution solar absorption

The total column-averaged volume mixing ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide(XCO2)has been retrieved with high spectral resolution solar absorption data obtained from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer(FTS)measurements at Xichong,a coastal site in the district of Shenzhen in southern China.Based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS)theory,the XCO2was retrieved by finding the best match of observed high spectral resolution solar absorption data and monochromatic radiation transfer model calculations.The averaged XCO2in the whole observation period was about 394.9 ppm.The uncertainty of the retrieval was estimated to be 2.0 ppm(0.51%)by comparing retrievals at two bands.The preliminary results show that XCO2retrieved by this method can be used to validate satellite remote sensing of XCO2: