An Approach for Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on Spatiotemporal Network

Radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)is a key and challenging task for many designs and applications with meteorological purposes.Since the Z-R relation between radar and rain has a number of parameters on different areas,and the rainfall varies with seasons,the traditional methods are incapable of achieving high spatial and temporal resolution and thus difficult to obtain a refined rainfall estimation.This paper proposes a radar quantitative precipitation estimation algorithm based on the spatiotemporal network model(ST-QPE),which designs a convolutional time-series network QPE-Net8 and a multi-scale feature fusion time-series network QPE-Net22 to address these limitations.We report on our investigation into contrast reversal experiments with radar echo and rainfall data collected by the Hunan Meteorological Observatory.Experimental results are verified and analyzed by using statistical and meteorological methods,and show that the ST-QPE model can inverse the rainfall information corresponding to the radar echo at a given moment,which provides practical guidance for accurate short-range precipitation nowcasting to prevent and mitigate disasters efficiently.

Expanding the application range of theκ‑carrageenase OUC‑FaKC16A when preparing oligosaccharides fromκ‑carrageenan and furcellaran

Carrageenan oligosaccharides are important products that have demonstrated numerous bioactivities useful in the food,medicine,and cosmetics industries.However,the specifc structure–function relationships of carrageenan oligosaccharides are not clearly described due to the defciency of high specifc carrageenases.Here,a truncated mutant OUC-FaKC16Q based on the reportedκ-neocarratetrose(Nκ4)-producingκ-carrageenase OUC-FaKC16A from Flavobacterium algicola was constructed and further studied.After truncating the C-terminal Por_Secre_tail(PorS)domain(responsible for substrate binding),the catalytic efciency and temperature stability decreased to a certain extent.Surprisingly,this truncation also enabled OUC-FaKC16Q to hydrolyze Nκ4 intoκ-neocarrabiose(Nκ2).The ofset of Arg265 residue in OUC-FaKC16Q may explain this change.Moreover,the high catalytic abilities,the main products,and the degradation modes of OUC-FaKC16A and OUC-FaKC16Q toward furcellaran were also demonstrated.Data suggested OUC-FaKC16A and OUC-FaKC16Q could hydrolyze furcellaran to produce mainly the desulfated oligosaccharides DA-G-(DA-G4S)2 and DA-G-DA-G4S,respectively.As a result,the spectrum of products ofκ-carrageenase OUC-FaKC16A has been fully expanded in this study,indicating its promising potential for application in the biomanufacturing of carrageenan oligosaccharides with specifc structures.