Mild synthesis of ultra-bright carbon dots with solvatochromism for rapid lipid droplet monitoring in varied physiological processes

Lipid droplets(LDs)participating in various cellular activities and are increasingly being emphasized.Fluorescence imaging provides powerful tool for dynamic tracking of LDs,however,most current LDs probes remain inconsistent performance such as low Photoluminescence Quantum Yield(PLQY),poor photostability and tedious washing procedures.Herein,a novel yellow-emissive carbon dot(OT-cD)has been synthesized conveniently with high PLQY up to 90%.Besides,OT-CD exhibits remarkable amphiphilicity and solvatochromic property with lipid-water partition coefficient higher than 2,which is much higher than most LDs probes.These characters enable OT-CD high brightness,stable and wash-free LDs probing,and feasible for in vivo imaging.Then,detailed observation of LDs morphological and polarity variation dynamically in different cellular states were recorded,including ferroptosis and other diseases processes.Furthermore,fast whole imaging of zebrafish and identifed LD enrichment in injured liver indicate its further feasibility for in vivo application.In contrast to the reported studies to date,this approach provides a versatile conventional synthesis system for high-performance LDs targeting probes,combing the advantages of easy and high-yield production,as well as robust brightness and stability for long-term imaging,facilitating investigations into organelle interactions and LD-associated diseases.

A review of hydrogels used in endoscopic submucosal dissection for intraoperative submucosal cushions and postoperative management

Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)has been clinically proved to have prominent advantages in the treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers over traditional surgery,including less trauma,fewer complications,a quicker recovery and lower costs.During the procedure of ESD,appropriate and multifunctional submucosal injected materials(SIMs)as submucosal cushions play an important role,however,even with many advances in design strategies of SIMs over the past decades,the performance of the submucosal cushions with postoperative management function seems to be still unsatisfactory.In this review,we gave a brief historical recount about the clinical development of SIMs,then some common applications of hydrogels used as SIMs in ESD were summarized,while an account of the universal challenges during ESD procedure was also outlined.Going one step further,some cutting-edge functional strategies of hydrogels for novel applications in ESD were exhibited.Finally,we concluded the advantages of hydrogels as SIMs for ESD as well as the treatment dilemma clinicians faced when it comes to deeply infiltrated lesions,some technical perspectives about linking the clinical demand with commercial supply were also proposed.Encompassing the basic elements of SIMs used in ESD surgery and the corresponding postoperative management requirements,this review could be a good reference for relevant practitioners in expanding the research horizon and improving the well-being index of patients.