Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential in Nectarine Orchards under Different Reclamation Systems

The Red Soil Hilly Region in South China, where there is a high capacity of carbon(C), and the land use and vegetation cover change greatly, is an important ecological area in the world, and has an important impact on the global carbon cycle and the seasonal fluctuation of atmospheric CO_2. To better evaluate the effects of reclamation systems in orchards converted from grasslands on soil carbon sequestration, we investigated soil organic carbon(SOC) content and stable C isotope(δ^(13)C)composition in three nectarine orchards at Yuchi Experimental Station in South China. Compared with the sloping clean tillage orchard and terraced clean tillage orchard, SOC content in the terraced orchard with grass cover was increased by 14.90% to 38.49%, and 7.40% to 15.33%, respectively. During the 14 years after orchard establishment, the soil organic matter sources influenced both δ^(13)C distribution with depth and carbon replacement. SOC turnover of the upper soil layer in the terraced orchard with grass cover(a mean 63.05% of replacement in the 20 cm after 14 years) was 1.59 and 1.41 times larger than that of the sloping clean tillage orchard and terraced clean tillage orchard under subtropical conditions, respectively. The equilibrium value of soil organic carbon in the three treatments ranged from 16.067 to 25.608 g/kg under the experimental conditions. The equilibrium value of soil organic carbon in the surface layer under grass cover was 54.801 t/hm^2, and the carbon sequestration potential was 24.695 1 t/hm^2.

Toxic epidermal necrosis caused by programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors in a patient receiving chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy

To the Editor:Toxic epidermal necrosis(TEN)is a severe dermal-mucous reaction characterized by rashes,blisters,and a generalized laxity of the epidermis.[1]Blockade of the programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)pathway could activate and proliferate auto-reactive CD8+T-cells,which is a crucial step in TEN.The efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T(CAR-T)cells can be inhibited by activating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.[2]As a result,the combination of PD-1 blockade and CAR-T cell therapy would increase the functions of CAR-T cells.[3]This case report describes a patient with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)who had severe TEN after CAR-T cell therapy and PD-1 blockade.