Seamless prediction is a weather-climate integrated prediction covering multiple time scales that include days,weeks,months,seasons,years,and decades.Seamless prediction can provide different industries with informati...Seamless prediction is a weather-climate integrated prediction covering multiple time scales that include days,weeks,months,seasons,years,and decades.Seamless prediction can provide different industries with information such as weather conditions and climate variations from the next few days to years,which have important impacts on economic and social development and important reference value for short-,medium-and long-term decision-making and planning of the country.Therefore,seamless prediction has received widespread attention from the international scientific community recently.As Chinese scientists have also carried out relevant research,this paper reviews the research in China on developments and applications of seamless prediction methods and prediction systems in recent years.Among them,the main progress of seamless prediction methods studies is reviewed from four aspects:short-and medium-range weather forecasting,subseasonal-to-seasonal,seasonal-to-interannual,and decadal climate prediction.In terms of development and application of seamless prediction systems,the main achievements made by meteorological operational departments,scientific institutes,and universities in China in recent years are reviewed.Finally,some of the issues in seamless prediction that need further study are discussed.展开更多
Cell walls in plants,particularly forest trees,are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem.Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on,focusing mostly on herbaceous model s...Cell walls in plants,particularly forest trees,are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem.Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on,focusing mostly on herbaceous model species.Recent developments in genomics,transcriptomics,epigenomics,transgenesis,and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls.Here,we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species.We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees.We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.展开更多
Aptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro-detection of cocaine due to its high specificity,high affinity and good stability.Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied,the binding mechanism ...Aptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro-detection of cocaine due to its high specificity,high affinity and good stability.Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied,the binding mechanism of cocaine-aptamer interactions is still unknown,which limits the structural refinement in the design of an aptamer to improve the performance of cocaine aptasensors.Herein,we report a label-free,ultrasensitive detection of single-molecule cocaine-aptamer interaction by using an electrical nanocircuit based on graphene-moleculegraphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs).Real-time recordings of cocaine-aptamer interactions have exhibited distinct current oscillations before and after cocaine treatment,revealing the dynamic mechanism of the conformational changes of aptamer upon binding with cocaine.Further concentration-dependent experiments have proved that these devices can act as a single-molecule biosensor with at least a limit of detection as low as 1 nmol·L^-1.The method demonstrated in this work provides a novel strategy for shedding light on the interaction mechanism of biomolecules as well as constructing new types of aptasensors toward practical applications.展开更多
Tension wood(TW)is a specialized xylem tissue formed in angiosperm trees under gravitational stimulus or mechanical stresses(e.g.,bending).The genetic regulation that underlies this important mechanism remains poorly ...Tension wood(TW)is a specialized xylem tissue formed in angiosperm trees under gravitational stimulus or mechanical stresses(e.g.,bending).The genetic regulation that underlies this important mechanism remains poorly understood.Here,we used laser capture microdissection of stem xylem cells coupled with full transcriptome RNA-sequencing to analyze TW formation in Populus trichocarpa.After tree bending,PtrLBD39 was the most significantly induced transcription factor gene;it has a phylogenetically paired homolog,PtrLBD22.CRISPR-based knockout of PtrLBD39/22 severely inhibited TW formation,reducing cellulose and increasing lignin content.Transcriptomic analyses of CRISPR-based PtrLBD39/22 double mutants showed that these two genes regulate a set of TW-related genes.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used to identify direct targets of PtrLBD39.We integrated transcriptomic analyses and ChIP-seq assays to construct a transcriptional regulatory network(TRN)mediated by PtrLBD39.In this TRN,PtrLBD39 directly regulates 26 novel TW-responsive transcription factor genes.Our work suggests that PtrLBD39 and PtrLBD22 specifically control TW formation by mediating a TW-specific TRN in Populus.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2242206,42175015,and 41975094)the Basic Research and Operational Special Project of CAMS(Grant No.2021Z007).
文摘Seamless prediction is a weather-climate integrated prediction covering multiple time scales that include days,weeks,months,seasons,years,and decades.Seamless prediction can provide different industries with information such as weather conditions and climate variations from the next few days to years,which have important impacts on economic and social development and important reference value for short-,medium-and long-term decision-making and planning of the country.Therefore,seamless prediction has received widespread attention from the international scientific community recently.As Chinese scientists have also carried out relevant research,this paper reviews the research in China on developments and applications of seamless prediction methods and prediction systems in recent years.Among them,the main progress of seamless prediction methods studies is reviewed from four aspects:short-and medium-range weather forecasting,subseasonal-to-seasonal,seasonal-to-interannual,and decadal climate prediction.In terms of development and application of seamless prediction systems,the main achievements made by meteorological operational departments,scientific institutes,and universities in China in recent years are reviewed.Finally,some of the issues in seamless prediction that need further study are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2200700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(grant 2572022DQ01)+6 种基金the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team)the 111 Project(B16010)supported by the Young Scholar Fellowship Columbus Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,China(111-2311-B-002-021)the National Science and Technology Council(112-2636-B-006-006)MEXT KAKENHI(JP18H05484,JP18H05489)the Research Foundation Flanders for proving the predoctoral fellowship.D.M.O.is indebted to the Research Foundation Flanders(FWO,grant 1246123N)for a postdoctoral fellowshipsupported by the Energy Transition Fund projects AdLibio and AdvBio,the interuniversity iBOF project NextBioRef,and the FWO project G011620N。
文摘Cell walls in plants,particularly forest trees,are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem.Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on,focusing mostly on herbaceous model species.Recent developments in genomics,transcriptomics,epigenomics,transgenesis,and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls.Here,we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species.We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees.We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
基金The authors ack no wledge primary fin ancial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0204901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21727806)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. Z181100004418003) and the Interdisciplinary Medicine Seed Fund of Peking University.
文摘Aptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro-detection of cocaine due to its high specificity,high affinity and good stability.Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied,the binding mechanism of cocaine-aptamer interactions is still unknown,which limits the structural refinement in the design of an aptamer to improve the performance of cocaine aptasensors.Herein,we report a label-free,ultrasensitive detection of single-molecule cocaine-aptamer interaction by using an electrical nanocircuit based on graphene-moleculegraphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs).Real-time recordings of cocaine-aptamer interactions have exhibited distinct current oscillations before and after cocaine treatment,revealing the dynamic mechanism of the conformational changes of aptamer upon binding with cocaine.Further concentration-dependent experiments have proved that these devices can act as a single-molecule biosensor with at least a limit of detection as low as 1 nmol·L^-1.The method demonstrated in this work provides a novel strategy for shedding light on the interaction mechanism of biomolecules as well as constructing new types of aptasensors toward practical applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2016YFD0600106)We also acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.32001332 and 32001331)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(grant nos.2572018CL01 and 2572018CL02)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).
文摘Tension wood(TW)is a specialized xylem tissue formed in angiosperm trees under gravitational stimulus or mechanical stresses(e.g.,bending).The genetic regulation that underlies this important mechanism remains poorly understood.Here,we used laser capture microdissection of stem xylem cells coupled with full transcriptome RNA-sequencing to analyze TW formation in Populus trichocarpa.After tree bending,PtrLBD39 was the most significantly induced transcription factor gene;it has a phylogenetically paired homolog,PtrLBD22.CRISPR-based knockout of PtrLBD39/22 severely inhibited TW formation,reducing cellulose and increasing lignin content.Transcriptomic analyses of CRISPR-based PtrLBD39/22 double mutants showed that these two genes regulate a set of TW-related genes.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used to identify direct targets of PtrLBD39.We integrated transcriptomic analyses and ChIP-seq assays to construct a transcriptional regulatory network(TRN)mediated by PtrLBD39.In this TRN,PtrLBD39 directly regulates 26 novel TW-responsive transcription factor genes.Our work suggests that PtrLBD39 and PtrLBD22 specifically control TW formation by mediating a TW-specific TRN in Populus.