Catch organism assemblages along artificial reefs area and adjacent waters in Haizhou Bay

To better understand the community patterns mediated by connectivity in artificial reefs of coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the distribution and coexistence of organisms with artificial reefs area and adjacent waters. This study was conducted to examine main catches assemblages collected by trawls in Haizhou Bay,which included five habitats: the artificial reef area(AR), aquaculture area(AA), natural area(NA), estuary area(EA) and comprehensive effect area(CEA). The result shows that the total abundances of species in the five habitats were highly different(univariate PERMANOVA: P = 0.001, n = 24), but some species were also unique in their habitat(e.g. Scapharca subcrenata and Glossaulax didyma in AA). The body size distribution of specific species between habitats are different. For Collichthys lucidus, their body size in AR(14.63 cm ± 1.64 cm) and EA(14.3 cm ± 0.85 cm) is higher than that in NA(10.65 cm ± 1.64 cm), CEA(11.28 cm ± 1.85 cm) and AA(12.1 cm ±0.43 cm), which indicates the potential connection from AR to EA mediated by their adult population. We concluded that artificial reefs in AR can be considered key components that have the ability to support species assemblages in adjacent habitats. This study has implications for the conservation and monitoring of species assemblages in coastal areas in terms of that artificial reefs can be applied in different stages of habitat protection implementation and in different combinations of scenarios.

Optimal dose of zinc supplementation for preventing aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats

Zinc supplementation can help maintain learning and memory function in rodents. In this study, we hypothesized that zinc supplementation could antagonize the neurotoxicity induced by aluminum in rats. Animals were fed a diet containing different doses of zinc （50, 100, 200 mg/kg） for 9 weeks, and orally administered aluminum chloride （300 mg/kg daily） from the third week for 7 consecutive weeks. Open-field behavioral test results showed that the number of rearings in the group given the 100 mg/kg zinc supplement was significantly increased compared with the group given the 50 mg/kg zinc supplement. Malondialdehyde content in the cerebrum was significantly decreased, while dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were increased in the groups given the diet sup- plemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc, compared with the group given the diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc. The acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebrum was significantly decreased in the group given the 100 mg/kg zinc supplement. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed evident patho- logical damage in the hippocampus of rats in the group given the diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc, but the damage was attenuated in the groups given the diet supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc. Our findings suggest that zinc is a potential neuroprotective agent against alumi-num-induced neurotoxicity in rats, and the optimal dosages are 100 and 200 mg/kg.

Highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution by molybdenum doped Ni-Co phosphide nanoneedles at high current density

There is an increasingly urgent need to develop cost-effective electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and stability as alternatives to the traditional Pt/C in catalysts in water electrolysis.In this study,microspheres composed of Mo-doped NiCoP nanoneedles supported on nickel foam were prepared to address this challenge.The results show that the nanoneedles provide sufficient active sites for efficient electron transfer;the small-sized effect and the micro-scale roughness enhance the entry of reactants and the release of hydrogen bubbles;the Mo doping effectively improves the electrocatalytic performance of NiCoP in alkaline media.The catalyst exhibits low hydrogen evolution overpotentials of 38.5 and 217.5 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) and high current density of 500 mA·cm^(-2),respectively,and only 1.978 V is required to achieve a current density of 1000 mA·cm^(-2) for overall water splitting.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the improved hydrogen evolution performance can be explained as a result of the Mo doping,which serves to reduce the interaction between NiCoP and intermediates,optimize the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption(△G_(*H)),and accelerate the desorption rate of *OH.This study provides a promising solution to the ongoing challenge of designing efficient electrocatalysts for high-current-density hydrogen production.

高速电流舵数模转换器减小时序失配的方法

随着电流舵数模转换器(digital-to-analog converter,DAC)工作频率的提高,即使是数百飞秒的时序失配也会严重恶化高性能DAC的动态性能.在这一类DAC中,锁存驱动器模块直接控制电流源的开关切换,其时序直接影响电流舵DAC输出模拟信号的码间过渡动态特性.电流舵DAC锁存驱动器时序失配的主要来源,包括时钟网络延时失配、开关驱动晶体管的梯度失配和随机失配.一方面,在传统时钟网络中,不同位置节点间的失配是时钟网络延时失配的重要来源;另一方面,增加开关驱动晶体管尺寸可减少随机失配造成的延时偏差,但增加梯度失配造成的延时偏差.为了减小锁存驱动器时序失配提升DAC动态性能,本文提出了一种通过改变时钟网络连接方式减小时钟延时失配的方法,以及一种综合考虑梯度失配与随机失配的联合设计方法.为了验证所提方法的有效性,在65 nm工艺下设计了一个14b精度的DAC,流片测试结果表明在1 GS/s采样率、430 MHz信号带宽内,实测的无杂散动态范围(spurious-free dynamic range,SFDR)大于70 dB.与相同工艺下设计但并未采用本文所提出的时序优化方法的DAC测试结果对比表明,本文提出的时序优化方法以功耗从106 mW提升到160 mW为代价,将SFDR大于70 dB的信号带宽从210 MHz提升到430 MHz.