China experienced a decline of water use intensity in the 11th Five Year Plan,but the water use intensity actually increased in 2009.To the best of our knowledge,the index decomposition analysis method was rarely used...China experienced a decline of water use intensity in the 11th Five Year Plan,but the water use intensity actually increased in 2009.To the best of our knowledge,the index decomposition analysis method was rarely used to analyze changes in water use,and no decomposition analysis has investigated the role of regional economy in the decline of water use intensity.In this paper,we use logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)techniques to decompose the change of water use intensity in the period 2006-2010.We find that the change of industrial water use intensity is confirmed as the dominant contributor to the decline in the overall water use intensity;the regional structure effect and the industrial structure effect is positive to the decline of overall water use intensity;the decline of China's water use intensity is mainly attributed to the effect of developed eastern provinces;meanwhile,the effect of central and undeveloped western is also positive to the decline of overall water use intensity;at least one out of three effects is positive to the decline of water use intensity in the different provinces;the intensity effect is positive and the industrial structure effect is positive to the declines of China's water use intensity based on chaining approach except the period 2008-2009,individually;and the deviation of regional structure effect and industrial structure effect between with regional economy and without regional economy in LMDI is 0.9 and2.3 m^3/10~4 RMB,respectively.展开更多
ZrW_(2)O_(8)is a typical isotropic negative thermal expansion material with cubic structure.However,quenching preparation,pressure phase transition and metastable structure influence its practical applications.Adoptin...ZrW_(2)O_(8)is a typical isotropic negative thermal expansion material with cubic structure.However,quenching preparation,pressure phase transition and metastable structure influence its practical applications.Adopting P to part-substitute W for ZrW_(2-x)P_(x)O_(8-0.5x)has decreased the sintering temperature and avoided the quenching process.When x=0.1,ZrW_(1.9)P_(0.1)O_(7.95)with a stable cubic structure can be obtained at 1150℃.The thermal expansion coefficient is tailored with the P content,and phase transition temperature is lowered.When x=0.5,thermal expansion coefficient attains-13.6×10^(-6)℃^(-1),ZrW_(1.5)P_(0.5)O_(7.75)exhibits enhance negative thermal expansion property.The difference of electronegativity leads to the decrease of phase transition temperature with the increase of P content.The different radii of ions lead to new structure of materials when P substitutes more.The results suggest that the P atom plays the stabilization role in the crystal structure of ZrW_(2-x)P_(x)O_(8-0.5x).展开更多
Street is the most basic public goods in a city,public activity place where the relationship among urban residents is the closest,and important space carrier of urban history and culture.Many elements,such as urban ro...Street is the most basic public goods in a city,public activity place where the relationship among urban residents is the closest,and important space carrier of urban history and culture.Many elements,such as urban roads,ancillary facilities and buildings along the line,constitute a complete street space.Active pedestrians,moving vehicles and space constitute the street life with different characteristics.In modern urban life,street is given multiple roles increasingly.展开更多
To measure the global atmospheric three-dimensional distribution and change of temperature and humidity is one of the key areas in atmospheric remote sensing detection; it is also a new research and development direct...To measure the global atmospheric three-dimensional distribution and change of temperature and humidity is one of the key areas in atmospheric remote sensing detection; it is also a new research and development direction in the field of meteorological satellite application. As a main element of China second generation of geostationary meteorological satellite Fengyun 4 （FY-4）, which was launched on Dec. 11, 2016, the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder （GIIRS） is the first interferometric infrared sounder working on the international geostationary orbit. It is used for vertical atmospheric sounding and gains atmospheric temperature, humidity, and disturbances. The combination of Fourier transform spectrometer technology and infrared detectors makes GIIRS have high spectral resolution and large coverage over spatial areas. With this kind of instrument, meteoro- logical satellites can improve the capabilities for severe weather event monitoring and numerical weather prediction. Here a concise review of the GIIRS development project, including its history, missions and functions, technical design, key technologies, system integration, calibration and in-orbit operation status, etc., is presented.展开更多
基金subsidized by the Central Project of Water Resource Fees[grant number 1261320212020]
文摘China experienced a decline of water use intensity in the 11th Five Year Plan,but the water use intensity actually increased in 2009.To the best of our knowledge,the index decomposition analysis method was rarely used to analyze changes in water use,and no decomposition analysis has investigated the role of regional economy in the decline of water use intensity.In this paper,we use logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)techniques to decompose the change of water use intensity in the period 2006-2010.We find that the change of industrial water use intensity is confirmed as the dominant contributor to the decline in the overall water use intensity;the regional structure effect and the industrial structure effect is positive to the decline of overall water use intensity;the decline of China's water use intensity is mainly attributed to the effect of developed eastern provinces;meanwhile,the effect of central and undeveloped western is also positive to the decline of overall water use intensity;at least one out of three effects is positive to the decline of water use intensity in the different provinces;the intensity effect is positive and the industrial structure effect is positive to the declines of China's water use intensity based on chaining approach except the period 2008-2009,individually;and the deviation of regional structure effect and industrial structure effect between with regional economy and without regional economy in LMDI is 0.9 and2.3 m^3/10~4 RMB,respectively.
基金Project supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Henan Province,China(Grant Nos.222102220021 and 222102220056)。
文摘ZrW_(2)O_(8)is a typical isotropic negative thermal expansion material with cubic structure.However,quenching preparation,pressure phase transition and metastable structure influence its practical applications.Adopting P to part-substitute W for ZrW_(2-x)P_(x)O_(8-0.5x)has decreased the sintering temperature and avoided the quenching process.When x=0.1,ZrW_(1.9)P_(0.1)O_(7.95)with a stable cubic structure can be obtained at 1150℃.The thermal expansion coefficient is tailored with the P content,and phase transition temperature is lowered.When x=0.5,thermal expansion coefficient attains-13.6×10^(-6)℃^(-1),ZrW_(1.5)P_(0.5)O_(7.75)exhibits enhance negative thermal expansion property.The difference of electronegativity leads to the decrease of phase transition temperature with the increase of P content.The different radii of ions lead to new structure of materials when P substitutes more.The results suggest that the P atom plays the stabilization role in the crystal structure of ZrW_(2-x)P_(x)O_(8-0.5x).
文摘Street is the most basic public goods in a city,public activity place where the relationship among urban residents is the closest,and important space carrier of urban history and culture.Many elements,such as urban roads,ancillary facilities and buildings along the line,constitute a complete street space.Active pedestrians,moving vehicles and space constitute the street life with different characteristics.In modern urban life,street is given multiple roles increasingly.
基金supported by the China’s National Key Special Earth Observation and Navigation Project,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)(No.2016YFB0500600)
文摘To measure the global atmospheric three-dimensional distribution and change of temperature and humidity is one of the key areas in atmospheric remote sensing detection; it is also a new research and development direction in the field of meteorological satellite application. As a main element of China second generation of geostationary meteorological satellite Fengyun 4 （FY-4）, which was launched on Dec. 11, 2016, the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder （GIIRS） is the first interferometric infrared sounder working on the international geostationary orbit. It is used for vertical atmospheric sounding and gains atmospheric temperature, humidity, and disturbances. The combination of Fourier transform spectrometer technology and infrared detectors makes GIIRS have high spectral resolution and large coverage over spatial areas. With this kind of instrument, meteoro- logical satellites can improve the capabilities for severe weather event monitoring and numerical weather prediction. Here a concise review of the GIIRS development project, including its history, missions and functions, technical design, key technologies, system integration, calibration and in-orbit operation status, etc., is presented.
