Clinical management of primary odontogenic sarcoma in the mandible:a case report after WHO nomination

Ameloblastic fibro-odontosarcoma(AFOS)now designated as odontogenic sarcoma is an extremely rare odontogenic tumor,which histologically presents as a biphasic neoplasm with a malignant mesenchymal component plus ameloblastic epithelium.Here we report a 27-year-old Chinese female with the complaint of a painful swelling for half a month in the right mandible.A segmental mandibulectomy,with an immediate mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular flap was performed using surgical guide models.Histological analysis revealed a primary odontogenic sarcoma.The postoperative period was uneventful,and no clinical indication of recurrence or metastasis was observed during the 3-year follow-up.No adjuvant therapy was proposed.This is the first odontogenic sarcoma case reported in China after the new World Health Organization classification of odontogenic lesions.

Impact of coal power generation on the characteristics and risk of heavy metal pollution in nearby soil

Introduction:The development of coal power base(CPB)poses a severe challenge to the soil.We conducted a soil survey in Xilinhot CPB,to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk,and sources of six heavy metals(As,Pb,Cu,Zn,Mn,and Cd)in soil by using Geo-accumulation index,revised Nemerow integrated pollution index(RNIPI),and potential ecological risk index(RI).Outcomes/other:The results showed that the pollution of Cd and As were dramatic.The mean of Cd and As were 1.11 mg·kg^(-1) and 25.13 mg·kg^(-1),which were 42.55 times and 4.41 times higher than its local background value.The Geo-accumulation indices showed the contamination degree of Cd was strong and As was moderate,and the status of Cu,Pb,Zn,and Mn were uncontaminated.Xilinhot was strongly contaminated based on its RNIPI and RI values.Discussion:The accumulations of As,Pb,and Cd were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources,including coal mining and combustion,and industrial exhaust emissions.Cu,Mn,and Zn were primarily originated from the parent material(natural sources).Conclusion:This study provides scientific basis and effective countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in surrounding areas of CPB.

Adaptation and mitigation for combating climate change - from singletojoint

Introduction:Adaptation and mitigation are two main approaches to combating climate change.Mitigation is considered as the most important tasks in dealing with climate change in scientific res earch,financial support and technical practices as global warming intensifes;while currently the warming trend still cannot be reversed,and adaptation task seemed to gain urgency although it is late-starting.The synergies and tradeoffs of these two strategies revealed increasingly importance on reduding adverse dimate effects.Research on synergistic relationships has developed from definition and feasible analysis,to the development of quantitative tools and exploration in practice and application,though the latter aspect is still in its initial stage.Outcomes/other.Our review shows that the traits of mitigation and adaptation,the difer-ences and similarities between them,then ilustrate the significance and mechanism of their synergies and tradeoffs.And it is explained that methods and applications of single and integrated models,and cost-effectiveness analysis.Discussion/Conclusion:We hold the opinion that the future research and applications should be enhanced in terms of four aspects:reinforcement of interrelations and common mecha nisms between mitigation and adaptation actions study;building and improving the monitoring and evaluating systems;promoting departmental and regional scale investiga-tions and applications;and establishing policy and security systems.