Cohort profile: design and methods of the Chinese colorectal, breast, lung, liver, and stomach cancer screening trial(C-BLAST)

Given the rapid changes in social structure(urbanization),economic structure(industrialization),and demographic structure(population aging)in China,cancer has become a major public health problem1.Extensive evidence has indicated that screening can decrease cancer mortality,particularly among high-risk groups,and several representative national and regional cancer screening programs have been launched in China to cope with the increasing burden of cancer.

The newly-assisted catalytic mechanism of surface hydroxyl species performed as the promoter in syngas-to-C2 species on the Cu-based bimetallic catalysts

In the conversion process of syngas-to-C_(2)species,the OH species are inevitably produced accompanying the production of key intermediates CH_(x)(x=1-3),traditionally,the function of surface OH species is generally accepted as the hydrogenating reactive species.This work for the first time proposed and confirmed the assisted catalytic mechanism of surface OH species that performed as the promoter for syngas-to-C_(2)species on Cu-based catalysts.DFT and microkinetic modeling results reveal that the produced OH species accompanying the intermediates CH_(x)production on the MCu(M=Co,Fe,Rh)catalysts can stably exist to form OH/MCu catalysts,on which the presence of surface OH species as the promoter not only presented better activity and selectivity toward CH_(x)(x=1-3)compared to MCu catalysts,but also significantly suppressed CH_(3)OH production,providing enough CH_(x)sources to favor the production of C_(2)hydrocarbons and oxygenates.Correspondingly,the electronic properties analysis revealed the essential relationship between the electronic feature of OH/MCu catalysts and catalytic performance,attributing to the unique electronic micro-environment of the catalysts under the interaction of surface OH species.This new mechanism is called as OH-assisted catalytic mechanism,which may be applied in the reaction systems related to the generation of OH species.

Achieving an ion-homogenizing and corrosion-resisting interface through nitro-coordination chemistry for stable zinc metal anodes

Suppression of uncontrollable dendrite growth and water-induced side reactions of Zn metal anodes is crucial for achieving long-lasting cycling stability and facilitating the practical implementations of aqueous Zn-metal batteries.To address these challenges,we report in this study a functional nitro-cellulose interfacial layer(NCIL)on the surface of Zn anodes enlightened by a nitro-coordination chemistry strategy.The NCIL exhibits strong zincophilicity and superior coordination capability with Zn^(2+)due to the highly electronegative and highly nucleophilic nature of the nitro functional group.This characteristic facilitates a rapid Zn-ion desolvation process and homogeneous Zn plating,effectively preventing H_(2) evolution and dendrite formation.Additionally,the negatively charged surface of NCIL acts as a shield,repelling SO_(4)^(2-)anions and inhibiting corrosive reactions on the Zn surface.Remarkably,reversible and stable Zn plating/stripping is achieved for over 5100 h at a current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),which is nearly 30 times longer than that of bare Zn anodes.Furthermore,the Zn/V_(2)O_(5) full cells with the functional interface layer deliver a high-capacity retention of 80.3%for over 10,000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).This research offers valuable insights for the rational development of advanced protective interface layers in order to achieve ultra-long-lifeZnmetal batteries.

硅磷双改性环氧树脂的合成及阻燃性能

磷改性环氧的极限氧指数高但会降低力学性能且抑烟效果不明显,硅改性环氧具有增韧和耐温的特性但其极限氧指数偏低。为了满足工程应用对环氧树脂防火安全性和力学性能的要求,采用硅磷协同阻燃改性得到综合性能优异的树脂。文中用聚苯基丙基硅氧烷(Z-6018)和10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO-HQ)作为载体,通过化学接枝将硅磷元素引入到环氧树脂中,制得硅改性环氧树脂(B-30)、磷改性环氧树脂(P-27)和硅磷双改性环氧树脂(B-P),并通过红外光谱确认化学结构。通过拉伸试验、热失重、极限氧指数、锥形量热、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱等方法研究了树脂的力学性能、阻燃性能、阻燃机制和抑烟机制。B-P的拉伸强度为75.0 MPa,较E-51,P-27和B-30分别提升15.4%,67.7%和44.2%。而与E-51相比,P-27和B-30拉伸强度降低,这体现了“脆”和“韧”共混时的强度协同作用。通过阻燃性能测试可知B-P各自继承了B-30显著的抑烟性和P-27较高的LOI,对点燃和播焰性没有协同作用。B-P燃烧后残留硅磷元素量显著大于单独改性树脂,且残留物外观综合了硅磷单独改性的特征,形成了一种致密坚硬微观复合结构,体现了成份和结构的协同作用。

ZrO_(2)修饰均匀氮掺杂氧化物MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)以提升其光催化分解水性能

光催化分解水被认为是非常有前景的制氢技术之一,该技术不依赖传统化石燃料,且避免了温室气体CO_(2)的排放.提升太阳能光催化分解水效率的一个重要前提是开发高效的窄带隙半导体光催化材料.近年来,多种窄带隙半导体,如掺杂氧化物、氮(氧)化物、硫(氧)化物、卤氧化物和卤氮化物等,被开发并应用于可见光光催化分解水反应体系.其中,均匀氮掺杂氧化物是一类典型的窄带隙半导体,主要包含氮掺杂层状或者隧道状氧化物.前期本课题组开发了一系列均匀氮掺杂氧化物并用于可见光光催化分解水体系.通过将MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)和TaON构筑异质结后,最终组装出的Z机制全分解水体系的表观量子效率可达12.3%(420 nm).与异质结相比,氮掺杂氧化物本身仍存在电荷分离较差的问题,如何改善该类材料的电荷分离是当前面临的重要挑战之一.表面修饰被认为是一种可以通过减少表面复合中心从而提升电荷分离效率的策略.例如,通过在TaON和Ta3N5半导体表面分别修饰ZrO_(2)和和MgO可以显著减少材料本身的表面缺陷从而提高光催化分解水性能.考虑到氮掺杂氧化物和氮(氧)化物具有相似的组成和性质,本文以氮掺杂隧道状氧化物MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)为模型材料,验证了ZrO_(2)修饰策略也可有效改善均匀氮掺杂氧化物类半导体材料的电荷分离,提升光催化分解水性能.首先,对MgTa2O6进行表面修饰,得到ZrO_(2)/MgTa2O6前驱体,再经过掺氮处理后制得ZrO_(2)/MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x).结果表明,Zr物种以粒径为20nm左右的ZrO_(2)纳米颗粒形式存在,对MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)晶体结构和形貌等几乎无影响.紫外可见漫反射光谱和X射线光电子能谱结果表明,ZrO_(2)修饰能在一定程度上抑制MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)材料在氮掺杂过程中低价钽物种的生成.将系列样品分别担载产氢或产氧助催化剂后,ZrO_(2)/MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)样品的光催化水还原或水氧化活性均比MgTaO6-xNx样品有明显提升.其中,Pt-ZrO_(2)/MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N(x(Zr/Ta=0.10))光催化剂的产氢活性约是Pt-MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)活性的4.5倍,相应的表观量子效率高于大多数已报道的其它均匀氮掺杂光催化剂的结果,证明了ZrO_(2)修饰策略在改善电荷分离和提高光催化分解水性能方面的有效性.这可能是因为,ZrO_(2)修饰后MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)表面会产生Zr-OTa键,在一定程度上抑制了低价钽物种(光生载流子复合中心)的生成,进而提升了MgTa_(2)O_(6-x)N_(x)电荷分离效率.综上,本文拓展了ZrO_(2)修饰策略在宽光谱响应的均匀氮掺杂氧化物类材料方面的应用范围,为开发高效太阳能光催化转化体系提供了一种新思路.

全国1:200000数字地质图(公开版)空间数据库

全国1:200 000数字地质图空间数据库是基于目前中国唯一的、实测的、全国性的1:200 000区域地质调查成果,由全国多家单位共同完成的全国性基础地质学空间数据库之一。数据库在空间上包含1 163幅1:200 000地质图数据,覆盖整个国土范围的72%,包含MapGIS和ArcGIS两种格式,总数据量达到90 GB。数据库主要资料来源于1:200 000区域地质调查报告和地质图及矿产图,原始资料时间跨度从20世纪50年代中期到90年代初期。全国1:200 000数字地质图(公开版)空间数据库通过国家级验收,数据完整性、逻辑一致性、位置精度、属性精度、接缝精度均符合中国地质调查局制定的有关技术规定和标准的要求,质量优良可靠。全国1:200 000数字地质图空间数据库是国家空间数据的重要组成部分,为国民经济信息化提供数字化空间平台,为国家和省级各部门进行区域规划、地质灾害监测、地质调查、找矿勘查、宏观决策等提供信息服务。

安装至屈服螺栓残余轴力超声波测试方法研究

基于超声波技术,利用螺栓摩擦系数试验台模拟螺栓拧紧和衰减,根据螺栓拧紧和卸载的轴向力与伸长量之间关系的特征曲线,研究了能够准确测量服役中的全螺纹螺栓残余轴力的关键因素,为汽车行业的测试和紧固工艺的开发提供了有效的技术支撑。

Characteristics of penetration and distribution of a liquid jet in a divergent cavity-based combustor

The atomization process of a liquid jet in a divergent cavity-based combustor was investigated experimentally using high-speed photography and schlieren techniques under a Mach number 2.0 supersonic crossflow.Gas-liquid flow field was studied at different divergent angles and injection schemes.It is found that complex wave structures exist in the divergent cavity-based combustor.The spray field can be divided into three distinct zones:surface wave-dominated breakup zone,rapid atomization zone and cavity mixing zone.A dimensionless spray factor is defined to describe the concentration of spray inside the cavity qualitatively.As a result,it is revealed that for the large divergent angle cavity,the injection scheme near the upstream inlet has a higher penetration depth but a lower spray distribution,where the injection scheme near the cavity has a more spray distribution.For the small divergent angle cavity,the injection scheme near the upstream inlet also has a higher penetration depth and the injection scheme near the start point of the divergent section has a more sufficient spray distribution.The small divergent angle cavity-based combustor with the upstream wall transverse injection is an optimized injection scheme to improve both penetration and spray distribution inside the cavity.Finally,a penetration depth formula is proposed to explain the spray and distribution behaviors in the divergent cavity-based combustor.

Review of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow

The injection and atomization process of a liquid fuel jet is critical for an ignition start of a scramjet engine.Airwall-mounted crossflow injection strategy is widely used in scramjet combustors,avoiding high total pressure loss and allowing the liquid fuel to rapidly undergo atomization,mixing,and evaporation.In this review,research progress on a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow was evaluated from aspects of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics.When a liquid jet is injected into a supersonic crossflow,primary and secondary breakups occur successively.The surface instability of liquid can significantly affect the breakup process.This review discusses the current understanding of the breakup process and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow including the mechanism of atomization and the characteristics of distribution and atomization.The development of windward Rayleigh-Taylor(R-T)unstable waves is the main factor in column breakup.The development of Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)unstable waves along the circumferential direction of the jet or droplets is the main factor of surface and droplet breakups.The liquid-gas momentum ratio is the most important factor affecting the penetration depth.The span width of the liquid jet is affected by the windward area.Breakup and coalescence lead to a transformation of the size distribution of droplets from S-or C-shaped to I-shaped,and the velocity distribution of the droplets on the central symmetry plane has a mirrored S-shape.The droplet distribution on the spanwise cross-section retains a structure similar to an“Ω”shape.At last,some promising recommendations have been proposed,namely a theoretical predictive model which can describe the breakup mechanism of a liquid jet,the distribution characteristics and droplets size distribution of a liquid jet under a cavity combustion chamber,especially for enthalpy flows with complex wave structures.

武汉市某医院节能潜力分析

通过对武汉市某三甲医院的能耗现状进行统计分析,总结了该医院的能耗特点。利用模拟软件分析影响武汉地区医院建筑能耗的主要因素。研究结果表明,该医院主要能源消耗为电力、天然气和市政热力;在节能潜力方面,降低照明功率密度、降低外墙传热系数和外窗传热系数均可有效降低电力消耗,其中照明功率变化对能耗变化的影响最明显。最后提出了针对医院建筑现状的节能建议。

Camouflaging attenuated Salmonella by cryo-shocked macrophages for tumor-targeted therapy

Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bacterial tumor-targeted delivery while maintaining biosafety is a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of live microbial therapy for cancer.Here,we developed“dead”yet“functional”Salmonella-loaded macrophages using liquid nitrogen cold shock of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009-contained macrophage cell line.The obtained“dead”macrophages achieve an average loading of approximately 257 live bacteria per 100 cells.The engineered cells maintain an intact cellular structure but lose their original pathogenicity,while intracellular bacteria retain their original biological activity and are delay freed,followed by proliferation.This“Trojan horse”-like bacterial camouflage strategy avoids bacterial immunogenicity-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in peripheral blood,reduces the clearance of bacteria by neutrophils and enhances bacterial tumor enrichment efficiently after systemic administration.Furthermore,this strategy also strongly activated the tumor microenvironment,including increasing antitumor effector cells(including M1-like macrophages and CD8+Teffs)and decreasing protumor effector cells(including M2-like macrophages and CD4+Tregs),and ultimately improved antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.The cryo-shocked macrophage-mediated bacterial delivery strategy holds promise for expanding the therapeutic applications of living bacteria for cancer.

bHLH121 Functions as a Direct Link that Facilitates the Activation of FIT by bHLH IVc Transcription Factors for Maintaining Fe Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Iron(Fe)deficiency is prevalent in plants grown in neutral or alkaline soil.Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that regulate Fe homeostasis,ensuring survival.In Arabidopsis,FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(FIT)is a crucial regulator of Fe-deficiency response.FIT is activated indirectly by basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)IVc transcription factors(TFs)under Fed eficiency;how ever,it remains unclear which protein(s)act as the linker to mediate the activation of FIT by bHLH IVc TFs.In this study,we characterize the functions of bHLH121 and demonstrate that it directly associates with the FIT promoter.We found that loss-of-function mutations of bHLH121 cause severe Fedeficiency symptoms,reduced Feaccum ulation,and disrupted expression of genes associated with Fehomeostasis.Genetic analysis showed that FIT is epistatic to bHLH121 and FIT overexpression partially rescues the bhlh121 mutant.Further investigations revealed that bHLH IVc TFs interact with and promote nuclear accumulation of bHLH121.We demonstrated that bHLH121 has DNA-binding activity and can bind the prom oters of the FIT and bHLHlb genes,but we did not find that it has either direct transcriptional activation or repression activity tow ard these genes.Meanw hile,we found that bHLH121 functions downstream of and is a direct target of bHLH IVc TFs,and its expression is induced by Fe deficiency in a bHLH IV c-dependent manner.Taken together,these results establish that bHLH121 functions together with bHLH IVc TFs to positively regulate the expression of FIT and thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Rice St#pe Virus Interferes with S-acylation of Remorin and Induces Its Autophagic Degradation to Facilitate Virus Infection

Remorins are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins and were proposed to play crucial roles in plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about how pathogens counter remorin-mediated host responses. In this study, by quantitative whole-proteome analysis we found that the remorin protein （NbREM1） is downregulated early in Rice stripe virus （RSV） infection. We further discovered that the turn- over of NbREM1 is regulated by S-acylation modification and its degradation is mediated mainly through the autophagy pathway. Interestingly, RSV can interfere with the S-acylation of NbREM1, which is required to negatively regulate RSV infection by restricting virus cell-to-cell trafficking. The disruption of NbREM1 S-acylation affects its targeting to the plasma membrane microdomain, and the resulting accumulation of non-targeted NbREM1 is subjected to autophagic degradation, causing downregulation of NbREMI. Moreover, we found that RSV-encoded movement protein, NSvc4, alone can interfere with NbREM1 S-acylation through binding with the C-terminal domain of NbREM1 the S-acylation of OsREM1.4, the homologous remorin of NbREM1, and thus remorin-mediated defense against RSV in rice, the original host of RSV, indicating that downregulation of the remorin protein level by interfering with its S-acylation is a common strategy adopted by RSV to overcome remorin-mediated inhibition of virus movement.

Multi-scale design and optimization for solid-lattice hybrid structures and their application to aerospace vehicle components

By integrating topology optimization and lattice-based optimization,a novel multi-scale design method is proposed to create solid-lattice hybrid structures and thus to improve the mechanical performance as well as reduce the structural weight.To achieve this purpose,a two-step procedure is developed to design and optimize the innovative structures.Initially,the classical topology optimization is utilized to find the optimal material layout and primary load carrying paths.Afterwards,the solid-lattice hybrid structures are reconstructed using the finite element mesh based modeling method.And lattice-based optimization is performed to obtain the optimal crosssection area of the lattice structures.Finally,two typical aerospace structures are optimized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework.The numerical results are quite encouraging since the solid-lattice hybrid structures obtained by the presented approach show remarkably improved performance when compared with traditional designs.

Macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of engineered Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 in anti-PD1 therapy against melanoma

Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics,including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However,the nonnegligible side effects and limited efficacy of clinical treatment limit their biomedical applications. Engineered bacteria for therapeutic applications ideally need to avoid their accumulation in normal organs and possess potent antitumor activity. Here, we show that macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 can effectively reduce the toxicity caused by administrating VNP20009 alone in a melanoma mouse model. This benefits from tumor-induced chemotaxis for macrophages combined with their slow release of loaded strains. Inspired by changes in the tumor microenvironment, including a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8+T cells and an increase in PDL1 on the tumor cell surface, macrophages were loaded with the engineered strain VNP-PD1nb, which can express and secrete anti-PD1 nanoantibodies after they are released from macrophages. This novel triple-combined immunotherapy significantly inhibited melanoma tumors by reactivating the tumor microenvironment by increasing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, remodeling TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and prominently activating CD8+T cells. These data suggest that novel combination immunotherapy is expected to be a breakthrough relative to single immunotherapy.

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi-TiO_(2) floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa

The increase in occurrence and severity of cyanobacteria blooms is causing increasing concern;moreover,human and animal health is affected by the toxic effects of Microcystin-LR released into the water.In this paper,a floating photocatalyst for the photocatalytic inactivation of the harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)was prepared using a simple sol-gel method,i.e.,coating g-C_(3)N_(4) coupled with Bi-doped TiO_(2) on Al_(2)O_(3)-modified expanded perlite(CBTA for short).The impact of different molar ratios of Bi/Ti on CBTA was considered.The results indicated that Bi doping in TiO_(2) inhibited photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination.With 6 h of visible light illumination,75.9%of M.aeruginosa(initial concentration=2.7106 cells/L)and 83.7%of Microcystin-LR(initial concentration=100μg/L)could be removed with the addition of 2 g/L CBTA1%(i.e.,Bi/Ti molar ratio=1%).The key reactive oxygen species(ROSs)in the photocatalytic inactivation process are h+andOH.The induction of the Bi^(4+)/Bi^(3+)species by the incorporation of Bi could narrow the bandgap of TiO_(2),trap electrons,and enhance the stability of CBTA-1%in the solutions with coexisting environmental substances.

Oryza sativa FER-LIKE FE DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(OsFIT/OsbHLH156)interacts with OsIRO2 to regulate iron homeostasis

Iron(Fe)is indispensable for the growth and development of plants.It is well known that FER-LIKE FE DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR(FIT)is a key regulator of Fe uptake in Arabidopsis.Here,we identify the Oryza sativa FIT(also known as Osb HLH156)as the interacting partner of IRON-RELATED BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2(OsIRO2)that is critical for regulating Fe uptake.The OsIRO2 protein is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus,but OsFIT facilitates the accumulation of OsIRO2 in the nucleus.Loss-of-function mutations of OsFIT result in decreased Fe accumulation,severe Fe-deficiency symptoms,and disrupted expression of Feuptake genes.In contrast,OsFIT overexpression promotes Fe accumulation and the expression of Fe-uptake genes.Genetic analyses indicate that OsFIT and OsIRO2 function in the same genetic node.Further analyses suggest that OsFIT and OsIRO2 form a functional transcription activation complex to initiate the expression of Fe-uptake genes.Our findings provide a mechanism understanding of how rice maintains Fe homeostasis.

Portable atomic gravimeter operating in noisy urban environments

The gravimeter based on atom interferometry has potential wide applications on building gravity networks and geophysics as well as gravity assisted navigation. Here, we demonstrate experimentally a portable atomic gravimeter operating in the noisy urban environment. Despite the influence of noisy external vibrations, our portable atomic gravimeter reaches a sensitivity as good as 65 μGal/√Hz and a resolution of 1.1 μGal after 4000 s integration, being comparable to state-of-the-art atomic gravimeters. Our achievement paves the way for bringing the portable atomic gravimeter to field applications.

Extended model predictive control scheme for smooth path following of autonomous vehicles

This paper presents an extended model predictive control(MPC)scheme for implementing optimal path following of autonomous vehicles,which has multiple constraints and an integrated model of vehicle and road dynamics.Road curvature and inclination factors are used in the construction of the vehicle dynamic model to describe its lateral and roll dynamics accurately.Sideslip,rollover,and vehicle envelopes are used as multiple constraints in the MPC controller formulation.Then,an extended MPC method solved by differential evolution optimization algorithm is proposed to realize optimal smooth path following based on driving path features.Finally,simulation and real experiments are carried out to evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the extended MPC scheme.Results indicate that the proposed method can obtain the smooth transition to follow the optimal drivable path and satisfy the lateral dynamic stability and environmental constraints,which can improve the path following quality for better ride comfort and road availability of autonomous vehicles.

Pseudo[n,m]rotaxanes of Cucurbit[7/8]uril and Viologen‐Naphthalene Derivative: A Precise Definition of Rotaxane

Summary of main observation and conclusion Rotaxane is a kind of classic supramolecule, which is usually constructed from a number of macrocycles and one axis molecule. Herein, we have expanded the supramolecular structure of [n]rotaxane to offer a precise definition of (pseudo)[n,m]rotaxane for accurately describing the two kinds of (pseudo)rotaxanes structures, which are self‐assembled from cucurbit[7/8]uril (CB[7/8]) and viologen‐naphthalene derivative, respectively. Furthermore, these CB‐based pseudorotaxanes exhibit varied photophysical properties, stimuli‐responsive behavior triggered by competitive guest, and self‐sorting behavior.