The Spectrum and Age-Sex Patterns Among Outpatients with Allergic Diseases—Yichang City,Hubei Province,China,2018–2021

What is already known about this topic?Allergic diseases have affected an estimated 40%of the population in China.However,our understanding of the full spectrum of these diseases remains insufficient.What is added by this report?Between 2018 and 2021,Yichang City documented 625,929 outpatient visits mainly related to skin and mucous membrane allergies(77.90%)and allergic respiratory conditions(19.64%).In 2021,the occurrence of outpatient visits for conditions such as allergic rhinitis,acute atopic conjunctivitis,and atopic dermatitis increased.The demographic analysis revealed that male patients comprised the majority of the under 18 age bracket(56.05%),while female patients were predominantly represented in the 18 to 65 age bracket(61.79%).What are the implications for public health practice?This constitutes the first analysis of the spectrum of allergic diseases,utilizing regional outpatient data,which has substantial implications for understanding the disease burden.

Economic Burden of Malignant Tumors——Yichang City,Hubei Province,China,2019

Summary What is already known about this topic?Malignant tumors are common chronic noncommunicable disease and have caused serious health hazards to residents and heavy economic burden of disease to the society.What is added by this report?This is the first report on the economic burden of multiple types of malignant tumors in Yichang City.In 2019,the direct medical burden of lung cancer in Yichang was the highest,reaching 561.67 million CNY,and the indirect economic burden of lung cancer in Yichang was higher than that of other malignant tumors,costing 326.49 million CNY.

METTL9-catalyzed histidine methylation of S100A9 suppresses the anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of neutrophils

Dear Editor,Protein histidine methylation has been found to be a widespread post-translational modification(PTM)in mammalian cells and represents more than 13%of all protein methylation events in the human methylome(Ning et al.,2016;Kapell and Jakobsson,2021).Recently,we and other groups independently identified METTL9 as the first broad-specificity histidine N1 methyltransferase in mammals(Davydova et al.,2021;Lv et al.,2021).METTL9 methylates a variety of substrates with a common x-His-x-His motif(His is for histidine;the second x is preferably small amino acids:A/C/G/S)and catalyzes methyl transfer to the last histidine.

The Effects of Diabetes and Hypertension on the Severity of COVID-19- Yichang, Hubei Province, 2020

Summary What is already known on this topic?COVID-19 has become a serious public health issue.A higher proportion of severe patients were senior patients with underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension and had a lack of statistical evidence so far.What is added by this report?When severe illness was compared with non-severe illness,senior patients were at a greater risk(4.71)than young and middle-aged patients,as well as the odds ratio was about 2.99 patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes and hypertension.COVID-19-infectious senior patients with diabetes were inclined to suffer severe illness.

Apoptosis-inducing activity of synthetic hydrocarbon-stapled peptides in H358 cancer cells expressing KRAS^(G12C)

Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and pose a grave threat to human life and health.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent malignancy occupying80%of all lung cancer subtypes.Except for other mutations (e.g.,KRAS^(G12V/D)) that are also vital for the occurrence,KRAS^(G12C) gene mutation is a significant driving force of NSCLC,with a prevalence of approximately 14% of all NSCLC patients.However,there are only a few therapeutic drugs targeting KRAS^(G12C) mutations currently.Here,we synthesized hydrocarbon-stapled peptide 3 that was much shorter and more stable with modest KRAS^(G12C) binding affinity and the same anti-tumor effect based on the a-helical peptide mimic SAH-SOS1_(A).The stapled peptide 3 effectively induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis,inhibiting cell growth in KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells via disrupting the KRASmediated RAF/MEK/ERK signaling,which was verified from the perspective of genomics and proteomics.Peptide 3 also exhibited strong anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin abilities,as well as good plasma stability and human liver microsomal metabolic stability.Overall,peptide 3 retains the equivalent anti-tumor activity of SAH-SOS1_(A) but with improved stability and affinity,superior to SAH-SOS1_(A).Our work offers a structural optimization approach of KRAS^(G12C) peptide inhibitors for cancer therapy.

METTL9 mediated N1-histidine methylation of zinc transporters is required for tumor growth

Dear Editor,Histidine methylation has been known for many years(Searle and Westall,1951),but only a few proteins carrying such modifications have been studied(Webb et al.,2010;Al-Hadid et al.,2014;Kwiatkowski et al.,2018;Guo et al.,2019;Wilkinson et al.,2019;Kwiatkowski and Drozak,2020).

Decentralized runtime enforcement for robotic swarms

Robotic swarms are usually designed in a bottom-up way,which can make robotic swarms vulnerable to environmental impact.It is particularly true for the widely used control mode of robotic swarms,where it is often the case that neither the correctness of the swarming tasks at the macro level nor the safety of the interaction among agents at the micro level can be guaranteed.To ensure that the behaviors are safe at runtime,it is necessary to take into account the property guard approaches for robotic swarms in uncertain environments.Runtime enforcement is an approach which can guarantee the given properties in system execution and has no scalability issue.Although some runtime enforcement methods have been studied and applied in different domains,they cannot effectively solve the problem of property enforcement on robotic swarm tasks at present.In this paper,an enforcement method is proposed on swarms which should satisfy multi-level properties in uncertain environments.We introduce a macromicro property enforcing framework with the notion of agent shields and a discrete-time enforcing mechanism called D-time enforcing.To realize this method,a domain specification language and the corresponding enforcer synthesis algorithms are developed.We then apply the approach to enforce the properties of the simulated robotic swarm in the robotflocksim platform.We evaluate and show the effectiveness of the method with experiments on specific unmanned aerial vehicle swarm tasks.