The relationship between gross domestic pro- duct (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated in 35 Asian countries. Data on food supply, GDP, and health condition were collected from...The relationship between gross domestic pro- duct (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated in 35 Asian countries. Data on food supply, GDP, and health condition were collected from databases of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Health Organization, respectively. The amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. The amounts of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and total polyamines in 1000 kcal of food in Asian countries were 39.07 ± 17.98, 33.74 ± 14.35, 14.05 ± 6.60 and 86.85 ± 33.96 μmol/1000 kcal, respectively. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine constituted 44, 39, and 17% of total polyamine, respectively. Vegetables contributed the largest amount of both putrescine and spermidine and the second largest amount of spermine (45.5%, 62.2% and 27.2% of total putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively). Meat was the richest source of spermine and contributed the greatest amount (50%) of this polyamine. We showed a significant positive association between GDP and the amount of polyamine per 1000 kcal of food. Lifespan was associated with both GDP and the amount of polyamine per energy quotient of food. As several basic research studies have shown that polyamines help prolong longevity, it follows that polyamines may have a role in determining the lifespan of humans.展开更多
Riboflavin has been suggested to act with folate to lower homocysteine (Hcy). However, these interactions may differ among the several known forms of folate. Therefore, we examined the effects of riboflavin interactio...Riboflavin has been suggested to act with folate to lower homocysteine (Hcy). However, these interactions may differ among the several known forms of folate. Therefore, we examined the effects of riboflavin interactions with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF) on changes in Hcy and folate derivative levels, under conditions with and without methionine addition. Rat hepatocytes were cultured for 48 hours in medium with or without 2.64 μM riboflavin addition, under the following conditions: 1) without the addition of either methionine or folate;2) with addition of 2 μM folate derivatives [(A): 5-MTHF, (B): THF];3) with addition of both 5 mM methionine and 2 μM folate derivatives [(A): 5-MTHF, (B): THF]. The supernatants were collected at 0, 24, and 48 hours for Hcy and folate derivative measurements. The Hcy lowering effect of 5-MTHF, as well as inhibition of 5-MTHF reduction and THF elevation, appeared to be enhanced by riboflavin addition. THF addition did not lower the Hcy level, regardless of the presence of riboflavin and/or methionine, while THF and 5,10-methenyl THF levels were maintained. Further examination is needed to elucidate the interactive effects of riboflavin and folate derivatives on Hcy and folate metabolism.展开更多
文摘The relationship between gross domestic pro- duct (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated in 35 Asian countries. Data on food supply, GDP, and health condition were collected from databases of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Health Organization, respectively. The amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. The amounts of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and total polyamines in 1000 kcal of food in Asian countries were 39.07 ± 17.98, 33.74 ± 14.35, 14.05 ± 6.60 and 86.85 ± 33.96 μmol/1000 kcal, respectively. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine constituted 44, 39, and 17% of total polyamine, respectively. Vegetables contributed the largest amount of both putrescine and spermidine and the second largest amount of spermine (45.5%, 62.2% and 27.2% of total putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively). Meat was the richest source of spermine and contributed the greatest amount (50%) of this polyamine. We showed a significant positive association between GDP and the amount of polyamine per 1000 kcal of food. Lifespan was associated with both GDP and the amount of polyamine per energy quotient of food. As several basic research studies have shown that polyamines help prolong longevity, it follows that polyamines may have a role in determining the lifespan of humans.
文摘Riboflavin has been suggested to act with folate to lower homocysteine (Hcy). However, these interactions may differ among the several known forms of folate. Therefore, we examined the effects of riboflavin interactions with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF) on changes in Hcy and folate derivative levels, under conditions with and without methionine addition. Rat hepatocytes were cultured for 48 hours in medium with or without 2.64 μM riboflavin addition, under the following conditions: 1) without the addition of either methionine or folate;2) with addition of 2 μM folate derivatives [(A): 5-MTHF, (B): THF];3) with addition of both 5 mM methionine and 2 μM folate derivatives [(A): 5-MTHF, (B): THF]. The supernatants were collected at 0, 24, and 48 hours for Hcy and folate derivative measurements. The Hcy lowering effect of 5-MTHF, as well as inhibition of 5-MTHF reduction and THF elevation, appeared to be enhanced by riboflavin addition. THF addition did not lower the Hcy level, regardless of the presence of riboflavin and/or methionine, while THF and 5,10-methenyl THF levels were maintained. Further examination is needed to elucidate the interactive effects of riboflavin and folate derivatives on Hcy and folate metabolism.
