光电式数字日照计校准系统研究

随着我国气象部门日照自动化观测业务的发展,光电式数字日照计已逐步替代传统的暗筒式日照计,成为台站日照观测的主要设备。本文提出一种光电式数字日照计室外校准系统的设计方法,并根据其校准方法,提出室外校准系统的硬件搭建和软件设计。实验表明:该系统符合校准业务需求,实现了光电式数字日照计校准的自动化和批量化,为我国日照观测数据的准确与可靠提供了有力保障。

新辅助放疗联合免疫治疗在局部进展期直肠癌中的研究进展

随着新辅助治疗发展不断成熟,免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)应用于局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)已取得了可喜的突破。相较单纯新辅助放疗及单纯免疫治疗,新辅助放疗联合免疫治疗方案展现出更好的临床及病理完全缓解率。但就具体治疗方案,学界还未达成共识。本文介绍了新辅助放疗联合免疫治疗在LARC中应用的代表性试验结果及最新临床研究,对治疗方案中放疗的具体剂量及分割方式、免疫治疗的周期及联合新辅助放疗的先后顺序、新辅助治疗结束后手术间隔及术后进行辅助治疗与否等关键技术问题进行了归纳总结。从免疫浸润、远隔效应及肠道菌群三个方向对近年来放疗增敏免疫治疗的具体作用机制探索做了系统梳理,同时回顾了可预测新辅助放疗联合免疫治疗在LARC中疗效的标志物研究进展,希望能为LARC临床治疗方案的选择及未来临床研究的设计提供参考与方向。

气象计量信息编码及数据格式研究与应用

为进一步规范计量标准设备内部传输的数据格式,使全国各省、市气象计量数据能以统一的编码格式在通信线路和网络上传输,实现有效衔接和共享,提出采用JSON编码格式,设计规定了气象计量信息数据总体编码格式要求及说明数据区,即气象计量数据格式由起始标识、授权标识码、信息大类、信息子类、数据区和结束标识组成,使气象计量信息数据能够以标准化形式采集、存储和传输,实现全国计量信息管理和统计分析,保证气象探测数据的准确、可靠。

m6A甲基转移酶KIAA1429转染对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响及机制探讨

目的 观察m6A甲基转移酶KIAA1429转染对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响,并探讨其机制。方法 通过慢病毒转染的方法在人结肠癌细胞RKO中构建稳定敲低KIAA1429的对照组和实验组细胞系,将其分别命名为sh-NC组、shKIAA1429组,在人结肠癌细胞LS180中构建稳定过表达KIAA1429的对照组和实验组细胞系,将其分别命名为OE-NC组、OE-KIAA1429组。采用Western blotting法检测KIAA1429蛋白来验证转染效率,采用CCK-8实验和平板克隆实验检测KIAA1429转染对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响,通过差异基因的富集分析预测KIAA1429转染对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响机制,采用流式细胞术检测KIAA1429转染对细胞周期的影响,采用Western blotting法观察OE-NC组和OE-KIAA1429组细胞内E2F1、CyclinB1、p21蛋白变化。结果 sh-NC组、sh-KIAA1429组KIAA1429蛋白相对表达量分别为0.979±0.028、0.299±0.138,两组比较P=0.002;OE-NC组、OE-KIAA1429组KIAA1429蛋白相对表达量分别为0.446±0.104、0.899±0.153,两组比较P=0.026。CCK-8实验和平板克隆实验结果显示,KIAA1429显著促进了结肠癌细胞的增殖(P均<0.05)。KEGG富集分析提示差异基因主要于细胞周期相关的信号通路得到富集,GO富集分析提示差异基因的功能与遗传物质的复制及细胞周期相关。流式细胞术结果显示,RKO细胞中sh-NC组和sh-KIAA1429组的G0/G1期所占百分比分别为52.07%±1.00%、58.57%±0.98%,两组相比P=0.003;LS180细胞中OE-NC组和OE-KIAA1429组的G0/G1期所占百分比分别为68.37%±0.82%、62.40%±1.34%,两组相比P=0.006。OE-NC组CyclinB1、E2F1、p21蛋白相对表达量分别为0.491±0.116、0.661±0.132、1.007±0.058,OE-KIAA1429组分别为1.254±0.169、1.125±0.135、0.725±0.110,两组相比P均<0.05。结论 m6A甲基转移酶KIAA1429通过调控细胞周期信号通路进而促进结肠癌细胞增殖。

基于精密太阳光谱辐射计的气象辐射观测

目前,气象业务观测普遍采用的积分型太阳辐射观测仪器存在观测数据信息量少、数据差异大的观测瓶颈,已无法满足目前众多应用科学研究领域对太阳光谱辐射精细化观测的需求,具有高光谱分辨率的精密光谱辐射计的仪器研制及观测方法与技术已成为太阳辐射观测的前沿科技问题。在此背景下,为解决气象领域太阳辐射的精细化观测问题,开展了深入的科学研究与技术开发工作。重点阐述了仪器开发成果和数据观测分析方法,首先介绍了开发研制的用于地基太阳光谱辐照度观测的光谱辐射计系统。光谱辐射计的分光系统采用了平场凹面光栅结构,具有低杂散光、高收光效率和高可靠性的特点,尤其适用于长期无人值守的户外观测。系统所采用的平场凹面光栅的像差校正特性对于300～1 100 nm这种宽谱段的应用来讲更为合适,在整个谱段范围内光谱分辨率变化很小,不同波长通道的带宽基本一致,使用25μm狭缝时光谱分辨率(FWHM)约为2 nm,像素采样间隔小于0. 5 nm。对于太阳辐射观测来讲,这是一种谱段范围和分辨率都与需求十分匹配的专用光谱辐照度观测仪器。其次,在观测数据的基础上,阐述和分析了气象等领域的光谱应用观测方法。太阳辐射照度分布的能量通过不同参数化模型约束的接收系统收集,将太阳光谱辐射在半球天穹中的变化及分布进行约束并划分为水平总辐照度(GHI),法向直接辐照度(DNI)和水平散射辐照度(DHI)三种光谱辐照度辐射分量,阐述了基于GHI,DNI和DHI三种观测形式下的数据特征与用途。其中,GHI是地表实际辐照度水平,适用于太阳能资源评估; DHI反映大气和云态; DNI作为直接透射形式,可用于计算日照时数和分析大气参量。并且,进一步分析了观测形式、光谱特征与地理(经度、纬度、海拔高度、大气质量)及气象参数(云量、大气吸收)之间的互易演算关系。与传统的波长积分式辐射观测相比,太阳光谱辐射计为辐射能量观测增加了波长信息维度。从DNI形式的光谱辐照度数据中可以看出,不同波长之间的辐射能量变化显著,而这些变化与大气变化密切相关。因此,太阳光谱辐照度数据不仅仅是为业务观测提供更精细化的太阳辐射信息,更提供了丰富的辐射能量的变化信息通道,利用特征波长维度的辐射信息,可进一步通过模型反演计算气溶胶光学厚度、臭氧、水汽等大气参数。通过精密太阳光谱辐射计,可将纳米分辨率水平的太阳光谱辐照度作为基础业务运行数据,提供精细化的太阳辐射分布及变化信息用于气象与气候模型、光伏资源评估与生态环境等研究;同时也为辐射波长分布中所蕴含的气候、农业、生态等领域关心的各种通量监测和演化关系研究提供了有力的数据信息及观测工具。

太阳光谱辐射计的信号传递与性能表征模型研究

太阳光谱辐射计作为一种专用光谱辐射测量仪器,对于其宽谱段和大动态范围的测量特点,准确完整地表征分光性能是十分重要的。研究内容旨在为太阳光谱辐射计的研制与验证提供明确的理论依据和测试方法,给出清晰而准确的机理模型和指标模型对光谱仪器系统的设计和评估提供指导。因此,重点阐述了光谱仪器系统的信号传递模型到性能指标模型的推导和建立过程。线谱扩展函数这种串联卷积模型能够综合反映仪器的各个元件对系统的影响,而且很容易通过窄带线谱光源测试而得到,并且线谱扩展函数矩阵能够清晰完整地给出光谱仪器的分光性能细节特性。而在线谱扩展函数的基础上再进一步提取关键几何特征,通过简单的算法定义即可得到半高全宽(FWHM),带外抑制和带外辐射这三项示性函数指标,可以很好地对分光系统的性能进行定量表征,是十分有效的光谱仪器系统性能评估的指标模型。

校准能见度仪用2700K黑体色温光谱模拟方法研究

针对目前缺乏符合世界气象组织对能见度定义的能见度测量仪器校准技术手段的情况,文章提出了一种基于高斯光谱模型的2 700K色温光谱模拟方法。根据2 700K色温光谱模拟模型,分析了工程上可行的高斯型光谱拟合单元半值全宽与峰值波长组合;利用全宽为20nm,峰值波长380~780nm,峰值间隔为20nm高斯型光谱拟合单元组合模拟了2 700K黑体色温光谱,模拟结果为建立符合世界气象组织对能见度定义的能见度测量仪器校准方法提供技术支撑。

中等应变率条件下分层充填体的动态力学特性及失稳特征（英文）

为了得到应变率为10~80 s(~1)的动载条件下分层充填体的动态力学特性及变形破坏规律,利用分离式Hopkinson杆系统对其进行冲击加载实验。实验结果表明,分层充填体的动态抗压强度及动态强度增长因子与应变率均存在正相关关系。分层充填体的动态抗压强度随着算术平均灰砂比的增加而增大,与静态抗压强度相比,分层充填体的动态峰值强度增加了11%~163%。此外,分层充填体的能量吸收率随着水泥平均含量的升高而降低,且介于组成分层充填体的单体试块之间。分层充填体的形变表现出了不连续性,其强度较低的部分形变程度大于强度较高的部分。为了分析分层充填体试块的稳定性状态,利用基于Stenerding-Lehnigk准则推导出的改进方程来判断分层充填体的失稳条件,计算结果与3组试验结果的误差仅为4.80%、3.89%和4.66%。

Shear behavior of ultrafine magnetite tailings subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

To study the shear behavior of the ultrafine magnetite tailings subjected to freeze-thaw cycles,unconsolidated-undrained shear tests were conducted on ultrafine-grained tailings that were subjected to 1-11 cycles of freeze-thaw and defined as a type of clayey silt under confining pressures of 100,200,and 300 kPa.Taking the number of freeze-thaw cycles,cooling temperature,initial dry density,and moisture content as the four main influencing factors of shear behavior of the tailings samples,the shear stress-strain curve,compression modulus,failure strength,cohesion,and internal friction angle were measured.The results show that the freeze-thaw cycle has an obvious weakening effect on the shear behavior of the tailings material,and the shear mechanical parameters are affected by a combination of confining pressure,freeze-thaw cycle condition,and initial physical-mechanical properties of the tailings samples.Through the microstructural analysis of the tailings samples subjected to freeze-thaw cycles,it shows that the freeze-thaw cycle mainly affects the porosity,bound water,and arrangement of the tailings particles.Subsequently,the macroscopic changes in shear strength indexes emerge,and then the stability of the tailings dam will decrease.

Numerical modeling for rockbursts:A state-of-the-art review

As the depth of excavation increases,rockburst becomes one of the most serious geological hazards damaging equipment and facilities and even causing fatalities in mining and civil engineering.This has forced researchers worldwide to identify different methods to investigate rockburst-related problems.However,some problems,such as the mechanisms and the prediction of rockbursts,continue to be studied because rockburst is a very complicated phenomenon influenced by the uncertainty and complexity in geological conditions,in situ stresses,induced stresses,etc.Numerical modeling is a widely used method for investigating rockbursts.To date,great achievements have been made owing to the rapid development of information technology(IT)and computer equipment.Hence,it is necessary and meaningful to conduct a review of the current state of the studies for rockburst numerical modeling.In this paper,the categories and the origin of different numerical approaches employed in modeling rockbursts are reviewed and the current usage of various numerical modeling approaches is investigated by a literature research.Later,a state-of-the-art review is implemented to investigate the application of numerical modeling in the mechanism study,and prediction and prevention of rockbursts.The main achievements and problems are highlighted.Finally,this paper discusses the limitations and the future research of numerical modeling for rockbursts.An approach is proposed to provide researchers with a systematic and reasonable numerical modeling framework.

Analysis of the damage mechanism of strainbursts by a global-local modeling approach

Strainburst is the most common type of rockbursts.The research of strainburst damage mechanisms is helpful to improve and optimize the rock support design in the burst-prone ground.In this study,an improved global-local modeling approach was first adopted to study strainburst damage mechanisms.The extracted stresses induced by multiple excavations from a three-dimensional(3D)global model established by fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions(FLAC3D)are used as boundary conditions for a two-dimensional(2D)local model of a deep roadway built by universal distinct element code(UDEC)to simulate realistic stress loading paths and conduct a detailed analysis of rockburst damage from both micro and macro perspectives.The results suggest that the deformation and damage level of the roadway gradually increase with the growth of surrounding rock stress caused by the superposition of mining-or excavation-induced stresses of the panel and nearby roadways.The significant increase of surrounding rock stresses will result in more accumulated strain energy in two sidewalls,providing a necessary condition for the strainburst occurrence in the dynamic stage.The strainburst damage mechanism for the study site combines three types of damage:rock ejection,rock bulking,and rockfall.During the strainburst,initiation,propagation,and development of tensile cracks play a crucial role in controlling macroscopic failure of surrounding rock masses,although the shear crack always accounts for the main proportion of damage levels.The deformation and damage level of the roadway during a strainburst positively correlate with the increasing peak particle velocities(PPVs).The yielding steel arch might not dissipate kinetic energy and mitigate strainburst damage effectively due to the limited energy absorption capacity.The principles to control and mitigate strainburst damage are proposed in this paper.This study presents a systematic framework to investigate strainburst damage mechanisms using the global-local modeling approach.

Design and implementation of automatic shading device for diffuse radiation measurement

Considering the problem of too large area the shading disc covered,complex shadow band coefficients and too big diffuse radiation measurement bias,an automatic shading device for diffuse radiometer is designed and realized. Set a shading ball on the automatic sun tracker,drive linkage parallelogram structure with the declination axis arm,the shading ball can rotate synchronously with the motion of the sun and shade beam radiation measured with pyranometer,thus shading beam radiation and measuring diffuse radiation can be realized automatically. The comparison test results show that the automatic shading device can realize diffuse radiation measurement automatically,the accuracy of diffuse radiation readings can get a 18. 7% improvement compared with traditional measure system,greatly improves the reliability and accuracy of the diffuse radiation measurement.

Development of Solar Spectroradiometer for Meteorological Observation

A newgeneration of solar spectroradiometer has been developed by CUST/JRSI to improve solarirradiance observation data under hyperspectral resolution. It is based on the grating spectroradiometer with a back-thinned CCD linear image sensor and is operated in a hermetically sealed enclosure. The solar spectroradiometer is designed to measure the solar spectral irradiance from300 nm to 1100 nm wavelength range with the spectral resolution of 2 nm( the full width at half maximum). The optical bench is optimized to minimize stray light. The Peltier device is used to stabilize the temperature of CCD sensor to 25℃,while the change of temperature of CCD sensor is controlled to ±1℃ by the dedicated Peltier driver and control circuit.

混合戊烯装车操作步骤HAZOP分析应用及优化

汽车装卸站是石化行业最危险的单元之一,在装卸车过程中极易发生物料泄漏,进而引发着火、爆炸等安全事故。通过使用HAZOP分析方法,对汽车装卸站中混合戊烯介质装车的操作步骤进行系统性分析,最大程度地识别出整个装车过程中潜在的安全风险,并针对每一条风险制定出安全措施,极大地降低其发生安全事故的可能性,保证整个装车过程人员、设备的安全。

北京传统果树主要优良老品种资源与发展建议

北京传统果树中有许多优良的老品种资源是值得开发利用的。对北京本地的桃、葡萄、梨、苹果、柿子、枣、杏、板栗、核桃等果树中表现优良的老品种资源进行较系统的汇总和介绍,并提出了发展建议,以期为北京乡村振兴、促进果树产业发展及传承京果文化献策。

Evaluation of the performance of yielding rockbolts during rockbursts using numerical modeling method

Rockburst;Rockburst damage;Yielding rockbolt;Numerical modeling;UDEC;Underground miningThe assessment of yielding rockbolt performance during rockbursts with actual seismic loading is essential for rock-burst supporting designs.In this paper,two types of yielding rockbolts(D-bolt and Roofex)and the fully resin-grouted rebar bolt are modeled via the"rockbolt"element in universal distinct element code(UDEC)after an exact calibration procedure.A two-dimensional(2D)model of a deep tunnel is built to fully evaluate the performance(e.g.,capacity of energy-absorption and control of rock damage)of yielding and traditional rockbolts based on the simulated rockbursts.The influence of different rockburst magnitudes is also studied.The results suggest that the D-bolt can effectively control and mitigate rockburst damage during a weak rockburst because of its high strength and deformation capacity.The Roofex is too"soft"or"smooth"to limit the movement of ejected rocks and restrain the large deformation,although it has an excellent deformation capacity.The resin-grouted rebar bolt can maintain a high axial force level during rockbursts but is easy to break during dynamic shocks,which fails to control rapid rock bulking or ejection.Three types of rockbolts cannot control the large deformation and mitigate rockburst damage effectively during violent rockbursts.The rockburst damage severity can be significantly reduced by additional support with cable bolts.This study highlights the effectiveness of numerical modeling methods in assessing the complex performance of yielding rockbolts during rockbursts,which can provide some references to improve and optimize the design of rock supporting in burst-prone grounds.

Determination of Melamine in Quail Egg and Milk with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for determination of melamine in food samples, such as quail egg and milk products. The CE procedure was performed on fused silica capillary (41 cm × 75 μm I.D.) at 17 kV using pH3.1 60mmol/L phosphate buffer as run buffer and detecting at 200 nm. The proposed method showed good linearity (0.5 - 10.0 μmol/L) and low LOD (0.5 μmol/L) with good reproducibility (RSD% was 2.4 and 3.2 for migration time and peak area respectively), which made it suitable for quantity control of the related food product.

Research on Directional Responsetest of Pyranometer

Directional response is one of the most important parameters of pyranometer,which is crucial to evaluate the performance of the pyranometer by determining the responsivityand the corresponding radiation for solar beam radiation from different directions of the pyranometer. In the paper,the method for testing directional error is present,four pyranometers are tested,after data processing,the directional errors of a secondary standard CM P22 and a first class CM P11 are 4.5 W/m^2 and 8.3 W/m^2 respectively,which are within the nominal specification given by the manufacturer. M eanwhile,the directional error of a first class pyranometerF S-S6 is 11.0 W/m^2,while the value of a second class pyranometer TBQ-2-B is15.2 W/m^2,which both meet the specification for classification. The results showthat these four pyranometers can reach the levels recommended by WM O and ISO,which validates that the method is feasible and the China made pyranometers are reliable.

Contrastive Observation of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Resource

Solar thermal and photovoltaic applications are the most w idely used and the most successful w ay of commercial development in solar energy applications. Observation and assessment of solar thermal and photovoltaic resources are the basis and key of their large-scale development and utilization. Using the observational data carried out from Beijing southern suburbs observation station of China M eteorological Administration in summer of 2009,preliminary solar thermal and photovoltaic resources characteristics for different w eather conditions,different angle and different directions are analyzed. The results show that:(1) In sunny,cloudy or rainy w eather conditions,both of solar thermal and photovoltaic sensors daily irradiance have consistent change in trend. Solar thermal irradiance is larger than photovoltaic. Under sunny conditions,solar thermal global radiation has about 2.7%higher than the photovoltaic global radiation. Under cloudy w eather conditions,solar thermal global radiation has about 3. 9%higher than the photovoltaic. Under rainy w eather conditions,solar thermal global radiation has about 20% higher than the photovoltaic.(2) For different inclined plane daily global radiation,southern latitude-15 °incline is the maximum and southern vertical surface is the minimum. The order from large to small is southern latitude-15 ° incline,southern latitude incline,southern latitude+15 °incline,horizontal surface and southern vertical surface. Southern latitude-15 °incline global radiation has about 41% higher than the southern vertical surface.(3) For different orientation vertical surface daily global radiation,southern vertical surface is the maximum and w estern vertical surface is the minimum,w hich eastern vertical surface is in the middle. Southern vertical surface global radiation has about 20% higher than the w estern vertical surface.

太阳辐射散射分数Sigmoid函数建模与验证分析

为研究太阳辐射散射分布对日照时数测量的影响,基于大气辐射传输理论,利用泰勒级数展开,建立了散射分数、晴空指数和大气光学质量的Sigmoid函数模型。利用不同时间尺度的辐射数据训练集,通过非线性拟合得到了散射分数与晴空指数和大气光学质量的变化关系的数学模型,给出了一维模型S0和二维模型S1。利用不同地域观测站点的太阳辐射数据建立验证数据集,利用Sigmoid模型计算了散射分数,分析了实测值与计算值之间的相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差和t-统计量等。结果表明,采用Sigmoid模型计算的散射分数值与实测值相关系数在0.8以上,平均偏差在±0.2以内,均方根误差在0.25以内,t-统计量最小低至0.0172。本研究为散射辐射分布模型的构建提供了新的方向,下一步需引入更为广泛的辐射数据进行模型跨地域的适用性研究。