The cave is of great importance for the storage of equipment and to avoid having workers in the tunnel,but it changes the tunnel section,leads to a change of slipstream and affects the safety of trains and workers.The...The cave is of great importance for the storage of equipment and to avoid having workers in the tunnel,but it changes the tunnel section,leads to a change of slipstream and affects the safety of trains and workers.The Re-normalization group(RNG)k-εturbulence method is used to investigate the slipstream induced by a single train passing through a double-track tunnel at 350 km/h.The slipstream in a tunnel with and without a cave is compared.The slipstream components in three directions are reported comprehensively.The results show that the existence of a cave changes the slipstream at the tail of the train.At measurement points before and after the train passes the cave,the intensity of the slipstream at the tail ismitigated;as the train passes the cave,the tail slipstream is enhanced to a certain extent.With increasing lateral distance,the peak value of the slipstream with a cave decreases faster than that without a cave.These findings suggest that the presence of a cave mitigates the slipstream intensity,but special attention should be paid to the design of ancillary facilities,especially their relative location.展开更多
An energy audit of 22 tertiary hospitals was conducted in Tianjin. The detailed content included design data, basic information, energy bills and equipment lists. It was shown that during the study, the energy intensi...An energy audit of 22 tertiary hospitals was conducted in Tianjin. The detailed content included design data, basic information, energy bills and equipment lists. It was shown that during the study, the energy intensity of hospitals in Tianjin was approximately stable and the average level of energy consumption was 348kW.h/（m2.a）. From the date collected, it was calculated that the energy intensity of general hospitals was 380 kW.h/（m2.a）, and the average carbon emissions was 157kgCO2/（m2.a）; While the energy intensity of specialized hospitals was 309kW＇h/（m2.a）, and the average carbon emissions was 131 kgCO2/（m2. a）. By breaking the energy consumption down into several items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy （42.12%）, followed by the cooling system （6.78%）, the medical equipment （4.98%） and the lighting system （3.63%）. The main factors that affect the hospital energy consumption were determined, and some feasible technology and management measures to save energy and reduce carbon emissions were proposed.展开更多
基金the High-Speed Train Research Center of Central South University,China.Thiswork was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710903-01)the Graduate Student Independent Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20200196).
文摘The cave is of great importance for the storage of equipment and to avoid having workers in the tunnel,but it changes the tunnel section,leads to a change of slipstream and affects the safety of trains and workers.The Re-normalization group(RNG)k-εturbulence method is used to investigate the slipstream induced by a single train passing through a double-track tunnel at 350 km/h.The slipstream in a tunnel with and without a cave is compared.The slipstream components in three directions are reported comprehensively.The results show that the existence of a cave changes the slipstream at the tail of the train.At measurement points before and after the train passes the cave,the intensity of the slipstream at the tail ismitigated;as the train passes the cave,the tail slipstream is enhanced to a certain extent.With increasing lateral distance,the peak value of the slipstream with a cave decreases faster than that without a cave.These findings suggest that the presence of a cave mitigates the slipstream intensity,but special attention should be paid to the design of ancillary facilities,especially their relative location.
文摘An energy audit of 22 tertiary hospitals was conducted in Tianjin. The detailed content included design data, basic information, energy bills and equipment lists. It was shown that during the study, the energy intensity of hospitals in Tianjin was approximately stable and the average level of energy consumption was 348kW.h/（m2.a）. From the date collected, it was calculated that the energy intensity of general hospitals was 380 kW.h/（m2.a）, and the average carbon emissions was 157kgCO2/（m2.a）; While the energy intensity of specialized hospitals was 309kW＇h/（m2.a）, and the average carbon emissions was 131 kgCO2/（m2. a）. By breaking the energy consumption down into several items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy （42.12%）, followed by the cooling system （6.78%）, the medical equipment （4.98%） and the lighting system （3.63%）. The main factors that affect the hospital energy consumption were determined, and some feasible technology and management measures to save energy and reduce carbon emissions were proposed.
