High-fidelity replication of DNA,and its accurate segregation to daughter cells,is critical for maintaining genome stability and suppressing cancer.DNA replication forks are stalled by many DNA lesions,activating chec...High-fidelity replication of DNA,and its accurate segregation to daughter cells,is critical for maintaining genome stability and suppressing cancer.DNA replication forks are stalled by many DNA lesions,activating checkpoint proteins that stabilize stalled forks.Stalled forks may eventually collapse,producing a broken DNA end.Fork restart is typically mediated by proteins initially identified by their roles in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).In recent years,several proteins involved in DSB repair by non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)have been implicated in the replication stress response,including DNA-PKcs,Ku,DNA Ligase IV-XRCC4,Artemis,XLF and Metnase.It is currently unclear whether NHEJ proteins are involved in the replication stress response through indirect(signaling)roles,and/or direct roles involving DNA end joining.Additional complexity in the replication stress response centers around RPA,which undergoes significant post-translational modification after stress,and RAD52,a conserved HR protein whose role in DSB repair may have shifted to another protein in higher eukaryotes,such as BRCA2,but retained its role in fork restart.Most cancer therapeutic strategies create DNA replication stress.Thus,it is imperative to gain a better under-standing of replication stress response proteins and pathways to improve cancer therapy.展开更多
基金supported in the Nickoloff Laboratory by NIH grants R01 GM084020 and R01 CA100862Research in the Hromas Laboratory was supported by NIH grants R01 CA102283,R01 HL075783,R01 CA139429a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society SCOR grant 7388-06.
文摘High-fidelity replication of DNA,and its accurate segregation to daughter cells,is critical for maintaining genome stability and suppressing cancer.DNA replication forks are stalled by many DNA lesions,activating checkpoint proteins that stabilize stalled forks.Stalled forks may eventually collapse,producing a broken DNA end.Fork restart is typically mediated by proteins initially identified by their roles in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).In recent years,several proteins involved in DSB repair by non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)have been implicated in the replication stress response,including DNA-PKcs,Ku,DNA Ligase IV-XRCC4,Artemis,XLF and Metnase.It is currently unclear whether NHEJ proteins are involved in the replication stress response through indirect(signaling)roles,and/or direct roles involving DNA end joining.Additional complexity in the replication stress response centers around RPA,which undergoes significant post-translational modification after stress,and RAD52,a conserved HR protein whose role in DSB repair may have shifted to another protein in higher eukaryotes,such as BRCA2,but retained its role in fork restart.Most cancer therapeutic strategies create DNA replication stress.Thus,it is imperative to gain a better under-standing of replication stress response proteins and pathways to improve cancer therapy.
