对未来的猪肉生产构建了两种情景。一种是"基型"(即一切照旧)(business as usual)情景,这一情景中,猪饲料是以国内生产的谷谷和进口的豆饼为基本原料,未努力减少农药的用量。第二种情景更多的关注环境,在猪场还种植豌豆和油...对未来的猪肉生产构建了两种情景。一种是"基型"(即一切照旧)(business as usual)情景,这一情景中,猪饲料是以国内生产的谷谷和进口的豆饼为基本原料,未努力减少农药的用量。第二种情景更多的关注环境,在猪场还种植豌豆和油菜用以提供谷物和蛋白质饲料。采用更多种不同作物的轮作和机械除草相结合来降低农药的用量,以达到降低环境污染的目的。这两种情景同时用两种方法进行环境评估:生命周期评价法(LCA)(Life Cycle Assessment)和农药风险指标模型(PRI-Farm)(Pesticide risk indicator model)。结论表明:在猪饲料生产中通过运用改变作物的保护策略以期降低农药的用量和减小其风险是环保可行的。组织起农场的饲料生产,使蛋白质饲料和谷物生产相结合可促成更多种作物的轮作。展开更多
The study aimed at evaluating the impact of integrated watershed management on reducing soil erosion and changes in the livelihoods of rural farming households in Ethiopia.The changes in soil erosion for the years bet...The study aimed at evaluating the impact of integrated watershed management on reducing soil erosion and changes in the livelihoods of rural farming households in Ethiopia.The changes in soil erosion for the years between 2002 and 2015 were estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model,while the impacts on livelihoods were assessed by household interviews.During the study period,the overall average annual soil loss was halved.Furthermore,crop productivity,water availability(irrigation and domestic)and fodder availability increased by 22,33 and 10%,respectively,while an increase in household income(by 56%)was observed.Moreover,72%of the sampled households were able to cover their 12-month annual expenditure demands in 2015,while only 50%of the households were able to cover these demands in 2002.It can be concluded that the implemented integrated watershed man-agement activities seemingly resulted in reduced soil loss,enhanced vegetation cover,and additional household income.This paper also elaborates on the hurdles for integrated watershed management expansion.展开更多
文摘The study aimed at evaluating the impact of integrated watershed management on reducing soil erosion and changes in the livelihoods of rural farming households in Ethiopia.The changes in soil erosion for the years between 2002 and 2015 were estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model,while the impacts on livelihoods were assessed by household interviews.During the study period,the overall average annual soil loss was halved.Furthermore,crop productivity,water availability(irrigation and domestic)and fodder availability increased by 22,33 and 10%,respectively,while an increase in household income(by 56%)was observed.Moreover,72%of the sampled households were able to cover their 12-month annual expenditure demands in 2015,while only 50%of the households were able to cover these demands in 2002.It can be concluded that the implemented integrated watershed man-agement activities seemingly resulted in reduced soil loss,enhanced vegetation cover,and additional household income.This paper also elaborates on the hurdles for integrated watershed management expansion.
