Our meta-analysis published in 2010 provided evidence that low levels of serum albumin （hypoalbuminemia） are a signifcant independent predictor of acute kidney injury （AKI） and death following AKI. Since then, a l...Our meta-analysis published in 2010 provided evidence that low levels of serum albumin （hypoalbuminemia） are a signifcant independent predictor of acute kidney injury （AKI） and death following AKI. Since then, a large volume of additional data from observational clinical studies has been published further evaluating the relationship between serum albumin and AKI occurrence. This is an updated review of the literature to re-evaluate the hypothesis that hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with increased AKI risk. Eligible studies published from September 2009 to December 2016 were sought in PubMed （MEDLINE） and forty-three were retained, the great majority being retrospective observational cohort studies. These included a total of about 68000 subjects across a diverse range of settings, predominantly cardiac surgery and acute coronary interventions, infectious diseases, transplant surgery, and cancer. Appraisal of this latest data set served to conclusively corroborate and confirm our earlier hypothesis that lower serum albumin is an independent predictor both of AKI and death after AKI, across a range of clinical scenarios. The body of evidence indicates that hypoalbuminemia may causally contribute to development of AKI. Furthermore, administration of human albumin solution has the po-tential to prevent AKI; a randomized, controlled study provides evidence that correcting hypoalbuminemia may be renal-protective. Therefore, measurement of serum albumin to diagnose hypoalbuminemia may help identify high-risk patients who may beneft from treatment with exogenous human albumin. Multi-center, prospective, randomized, interventional studies are warranted, along with basic research to define the mechanisms throughwhich albumin affords nephroprotection.展开更多
Ethical standards in the context of scientific publications are increasingly gaining attention. A narrative review of the literature concerning publication ethics wasconducted as found in Pub Med, Google Scholar, rele...Ethical standards in the context of scientific publications are increasingly gaining attention. A narrative review of the literature concerning publication ethics wasconducted as found in Pub Med, Google Scholar, relevant news articles, position papers, websites and other sources. The Committee on Publication Ethics has produced guidelines and schedules for the handling of problem situations that have been adopted by professional journals and publishers worldwide as guidelines to authors. The defined requirements go beyond the disclosure of conflicts of interest or the prior registration of clinical trials. Recommendations to authors, editors and publishers of journals and research institutions were formulated with regard to issues of authorship, double publications, plagiarism, and conflicts of interest, with special attention being paid to unethical research behavior and data falsification. This narrative review focusses on ethical publishing in intensive care medicine. As scientific misconduct with data falsification damage patients and society, especially if fraudulent studies are considered important or favor certain therapies and downplay their side effects, it is important to ensure that only studies are published that have been carried out with highest integrity according to predefined criteria. For that also the peer review process has to be conducted in accordance with the highest possible scientific standards and making use of available modern information technology. The review provides the current state of recommendations that are considered to be most relevant particularly in the field of intensive care medicine.展开更多
AIM: Review of evidence that the 33-amino-acidpolypeptide secretoneurin, which is generated byproteolytic cleavage of secretogranin Ⅱ, plays a role inneurogenic inflammation. METHODS: Survey of theliterature using a ...AIM: Review of evidence that the 33-amino-acidpolypeptide secretoneurin, which is generated byproteolytic cleavage of secretogranin Ⅱ, plays a role inneurogenic inflammation. METHODS: Survey of theliterature using a MEDLINE search database. RE-SULTS: Secretoneurin is synthesized in spinalganglia, transported through the dorsal roots and storedin the axon terminals of primary afferent neurons.Investigations using capsaicin suggest that secretoneurinfunctions as an excitatory transmitter. Secretoneurinspecifically activates various cell functions including thechemotactic migration of monocytes, eosinophils,fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells,展开更多
To the Editor： In their meta-analysis, Ma et al. aimed to determine the association of mortality with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or 0.42 （HES） with HES dose and daily fluid balance in sepsis patients. Sensitivity ...To the Editor： In their meta-analysis, Ma et al. aimed to determine the association of mortality with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or 0.42 （HES） with HES dose and daily fluid balance in sepsis patients. Sensitivity tests were performed to analyze reasons for heterogeneity in mortality data. These tests focused on ＂risk of bias.＂展开更多
文摘Our meta-analysis published in 2010 provided evidence that low levels of serum albumin （hypoalbuminemia） are a signifcant independent predictor of acute kidney injury （AKI） and death following AKI. Since then, a large volume of additional data from observational clinical studies has been published further evaluating the relationship between serum albumin and AKI occurrence. This is an updated review of the literature to re-evaluate the hypothesis that hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with increased AKI risk. Eligible studies published from September 2009 to December 2016 were sought in PubMed （MEDLINE） and forty-three were retained, the great majority being retrospective observational cohort studies. These included a total of about 68000 subjects across a diverse range of settings, predominantly cardiac surgery and acute coronary interventions, infectious diseases, transplant surgery, and cancer. Appraisal of this latest data set served to conclusively corroborate and confirm our earlier hypothesis that lower serum albumin is an independent predictor both of AKI and death after AKI, across a range of clinical scenarios. The body of evidence indicates that hypoalbuminemia may causally contribute to development of AKI. Furthermore, administration of human albumin solution has the po-tential to prevent AKI; a randomized, controlled study provides evidence that correcting hypoalbuminemia may be renal-protective. Therefore, measurement of serum albumin to diagnose hypoalbuminemia may help identify high-risk patients who may beneft from treatment with exogenous human albumin. Multi-center, prospective, randomized, interventional studies are warranted, along with basic research to define the mechanisms throughwhich albumin affords nephroprotection.
文摘Ethical standards in the context of scientific publications are increasingly gaining attention. A narrative review of the literature concerning publication ethics wasconducted as found in Pub Med, Google Scholar, relevant news articles, position papers, websites and other sources. The Committee on Publication Ethics has produced guidelines and schedules for the handling of problem situations that have been adopted by professional journals and publishers worldwide as guidelines to authors. The defined requirements go beyond the disclosure of conflicts of interest or the prior registration of clinical trials. Recommendations to authors, editors and publishers of journals and research institutions were formulated with regard to issues of authorship, double publications, plagiarism, and conflicts of interest, with special attention being paid to unethical research behavior and data falsification. This narrative review focusses on ethical publishing in intensive care medicine. As scientific misconduct with data falsification damage patients and society, especially if fraudulent studies are considered important or favor certain therapies and downplay their side effects, it is important to ensure that only studies are published that have been carried out with highest integrity according to predefined criteria. For that also the peer review process has to be conducted in accordance with the highest possible scientific standards and making use of available modern information technology. The review provides the current state of recommendations that are considered to be most relevant particularly in the field of intensive care medicine.
基金Project supported in part by the Austrian Science Foundation grant № P-09977-Med to CJW.
文摘AIM: Review of evidence that the 33-amino-acidpolypeptide secretoneurin, which is generated byproteolytic cleavage of secretogranin Ⅱ, plays a role inneurogenic inflammation. METHODS: Survey of theliterature using a MEDLINE search database. RE-SULTS: Secretoneurin is synthesized in spinalganglia, transported through the dorsal roots and storedin the axon terminals of primary afferent neurons.Investigations using capsaicin suggest that secretoneurinfunctions as an excitatory transmitter. Secretoneurinspecifically activates various cell functions including thechemotactic migration of monocytes, eosinophils,fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells,
文摘To the Editor： In their meta-analysis, Ma et al. aimed to determine the association of mortality with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or 0.42 （HES） with HES dose and daily fluid balance in sepsis patients. Sensitivity tests were performed to analyze reasons for heterogeneity in mortality data. These tests focused on ＂risk of bias.＂
