This article provides a review of tropical cyclone(TC)surface wind estimation from an operational forecasting perspective.First,we provide a summary of operational forecast center practices and historical databases.Ne...This article provides a review of tropical cyclone(TC)surface wind estimation from an operational forecasting perspective.First,we provide a summary of operational forecast center practices and historical databases.Next,we discuss current and emerging objective estimates of TC surface winds,including algorithms,archive datasets,and individual algorithm strengths and weaknesses as applied to operational TC surface wind forecast parameters.Our review leads to recommendations about required surface coverage—an area covering at least 1100 km from center of TC at a 2-km resolution in the inner-core,and at a frequency of at least once every 6 h.This is enough coverage to support a complete analysis of the TC surface wind field from center to the extent of the 34-kt(17 m s^(-1))winds at 6-h intervals.We also suggest future designs of TC surface wind capabilities include funding to ensure near real-time data delivery to operators so that operational evaluation and use are feasible within proposed budgets.Finally,we suggest that users of archived operational wind radii datasets contact operational organizations to ensure these datasets are appropriate for their needs as the datasets vary in quality through time and space,even from a single organisation.展开更多
基金provided funding C.Sampson through Program Element 0603207NCalifornia Institute of Technology under a contract with the NASA,Government sponsorship acknowledged+5 种基金funding by the NASA Team Science Utilization of the Soil Moisture Active-Passive Mission(SUSMAP,contract NNH17CA04C)the NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team(OVWST,contract 80HQTR19C0003)supported ESA through S1-4SCI Ocean Study project(Contract No.4000115170/15/I-SBo)Sentinel-1 A Mission Performance Center(Contract No.4000107360/12/I-LG)CHEFS EUMETSAT project and by public funds(Ministere de l’Education Nationale,de l’Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche,FEDER,Region Bretagne,Conseil General du Finistere,Brest Metropole)support of ESA in the frame of the SMOS Wind Data Service contract(http://www.smosstorm.org/)
文摘This article provides a review of tropical cyclone(TC)surface wind estimation from an operational forecasting perspective.First,we provide a summary of operational forecast center practices and historical databases.Next,we discuss current and emerging objective estimates of TC surface winds,including algorithms,archive datasets,and individual algorithm strengths and weaknesses as applied to operational TC surface wind forecast parameters.Our review leads to recommendations about required surface coverage—an area covering at least 1100 km from center of TC at a 2-km resolution in the inner-core,and at a frequency of at least once every 6 h.This is enough coverage to support a complete analysis of the TC surface wind field from center to the extent of the 34-kt(17 m s^(-1))winds at 6-h intervals.We also suggest future designs of TC surface wind capabilities include funding to ensure near real-time data delivery to operators so that operational evaluation and use are feasible within proposed budgets.Finally,we suggest that users of archived operational wind radii datasets contact operational organizations to ensure these datasets are appropriate for their needs as the datasets vary in quality through time and space,even from a single organisation.
