An important component of any CO_2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties,such as velocity and density.Different reservoirs have different amplitude variatio...An important component of any CO_2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties,such as velocity and density.Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset(AVO) responses,which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile(VSP) AVO response to CO_2 injection at the Ketzin site,the first European onshore CO_2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO_2.First,we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO_2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation.On the basis of this model,the seismic response for different CO_2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling.We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data,which we then processed.In contrast,synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data.Finally,we found that the amplitude of CO_2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer.This is the typical classⅢAVO anomaly for gas sand layer.The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well.Therefore,walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO_2 distribution in the Ketzin area.展开更多
The CO<sub>2</sub> SINK project,started in April 2004,is a pilot scale CO<sub>2</sub> geological storage project being carried out to provide operational field experience for large scale CO<...The CO<sub>2</sub> SINK project,started in April 2004,is a pilot scale CO<sub>2</sub> geological storage project being carried out to provide operational field experience for large scale CO<sub>2</sub> geologic storage.The research area selected for the project is the Ketzin anticline near Berlin,Germany.Since CO<sub>2</sub> storage in geological media has to be done safely and requires public acceptance,proper monitoring systems need to be designed for each operation.Various kinds ot seismic methods can be used to map the underground tructure and monitor the movement of injected CO<sub>2</sub>,such as crosswell,vertical seismic profile（VSP）,moving source profiling（MSP）,2D and 3D surface time lapse techniques.In 2004,surface seismic sources were tested in a pilot study at the Ketzin site for the展开更多
基金The European Commission,German Federal Ministry of Education and Research,German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology as well as Research Institute and Industry are gratefully acknowledged for funding and supporting CO2 Storage by Injection into a Natural Storage Site CO2SINK(Project No.502599)
文摘An important component of any CO_2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties,such as velocity and density.Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset(AVO) responses,which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile(VSP) AVO response to CO_2 injection at the Ketzin site,the first European onshore CO_2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO_2.First,we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO_2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation.On the basis of this model,the seismic response for different CO_2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling.We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data,which we then processed.In contrast,synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data.Finally,we found that the amplitude of CO_2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer.This is the typical classⅢAVO anomaly for gas sand layer.The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well.Therefore,walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO_2 distribution in the Ketzin area.
文摘The CO<sub>2</sub> SINK project,started in April 2004,is a pilot scale CO<sub>2</sub> geological storage project being carried out to provide operational field experience for large scale CO<sub>2</sub> geologic storage.The research area selected for the project is the Ketzin anticline near Berlin,Germany.Since CO<sub>2</sub> storage in geological media has to be done safely and requires public acceptance,proper monitoring systems need to be designed for each operation.Various kinds ot seismic methods can be used to map the underground tructure and monitor the movement of injected CO<sub>2</sub>,such as crosswell,vertical seismic profile（VSP）,moving source profiling（MSP）,2D and 3D surface time lapse techniques.In 2004,surface seismic sources were tested in a pilot study at the Ketzin site for the
