Remote sensing and analysis of tropical cyclones:Current and emerging satellite sensors

This article describes recent advances in the capability of new satellite sensors for observing Tropical Cyclones(TC)fine structure,wind field,and temporal evolution.The article is based on a World Meteorological Organization(WMO)report prepared for the 10th International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC),held in Bali in December 2022,and its objective is to present updates in TC research and operation every four years.Here we focus on updates regarding the most recent space-based TC observations,and we cover new methodologies and techniques using polar orbiting sensors,such as C-band synthetic aperture radars(SARs),L-band and combined C/X-band radiometers,scatterometers,and microwave imagers/sounders.We additionally address progress made with the new generation of geostationary and small satellites,and discuss future sensors planned to be launched in the next years.We then briefly describe some examples on how the newest sensors are used in operations and data assimilation for TC forecasting and research,and conclude the article with a discussion on the remaining challenges of TC space-based observations and possible ways to address them in the near future.

Splenic-vasculature involvement is associated with poor prognosis in resected distal pancreatic cancer

Background Distal pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers largely due to its high incidence of distant metastasis.This study aims to assess the prognostic value of splenic-vasculature involvement in resected distal pancreatic carcinoma.Methods In this retrospective study,we collected the clinicopathologic information of 454 patients with pancreatic cancer and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),with an emphasis on the prognostic value of splenic-artery and-vein involvement.Results Univariate analysis revealed that larger tumor size,non-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(non-IPMN)-associated adenocarcinoma,poor differentiation,stage pT3,nodal metastasis,lymphovascular invasion,perineural invasion,and pathologic and radiographic evidence of splenic-vein invasion were significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS(all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis confirmed non-IPMN-associated adenocarcinoma,stage pT3,stage pN1-2,and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy as independent risk factors for both PFS and OS,and larger tumor size and radiographic evidence of splenic-artery invasion as predictors of PFS only.Conclusion Guidelines should be developed for a uniform approach with regard to the examination and reporting of the status of the splenic vasculature when dealing with distal-pancreatic-cancer specimens.