How AI-enabled SDN technologies improve the security and functionality of industrial IoT network:Architectures,enabling technologies,and opportunities

The ongoing expansion of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is enabling the possibility of effective Industry 4.0,where massive sensing devices in heterogeneous environments are connected through dedicated communication protocols.This brings forth new methods and models to fuse the information yielded by the various industrial plant elements and generates emerging security challenges that we have to face,providing ad-hoc functions for scheduling and guaranteeing the network operations.Recently,the large development of SoftwareDefined Networking(SDN)and Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies have made feasible the design and control of scalable and secure IIoT networks.This paper studies how AI and SDN technologies combined can be leveraged towards improving the security and functionality of these IIoT networks.After surveying the state-of-the-art research efforts in the subject,the paper introduces a candidate architecture for AI-enabled Software-Defined IIoT Network(AI-SDIN)that divides the traditional industrial networks into three functional layers.And with this aim in mind,key technologies(Blockchain-based Data Sharing,Intelligent Wireless Data Sensing,Edge Intelligence,Time-Sensitive Networks,Integrating SDN&TSN,Distributed AI)and improve applications based on AISDIN are also discussed.Further,the paper also highlights new opportunities and potential research challenges in control and automation of IIoT networks.

Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus: a new classification for surgical guidance

BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection is the main treatment modality for hepatic tumors. Advances in diagnostic technique, preoperative preparation, surgical technique, and postoperative management increased the success rate. The present study aimed to evaluate hepatectomy and resection of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVCTT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and the relationship between IVCTT classification and selection of surgical technique. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 13 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone hepatectomy with IVCTT resection between May 1997 and August 2009. Age, gender, diagnosis, findings of physical examination, results of preoperative laboratory investigations, radiological examination, criteria for resection, postoperative pathological results, incisions, operative technique, intraoperative transfusion, drains, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated for all patients. RESULTS: Type Ⅰ IVCTT (10 patients) was posterior to the liver and below the diaphragm; type Ⅱ IVCTT (2 patients) was above the diaphragm but still outside the atrium; and type Ⅲ IVCTT (1 patient) was above the diaphragm and in the right atrium. Type Ⅰ was treated by radical hepatectomy and removal of IVCTT with total hepatic vascular exclusion. Type Ⅱ was treated by radical hepatectomy and removal of IVCTT by incision of the diaphragm. Type Ⅲ was treated by hepatectomy and resection of the thrombus from the right atrium under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no surgical complications and one patient has been survived for 4 years with cancer-free status. The median survival time was 18.2 months, and the 1-and 2-year survival rates were 53.8% and 15.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment is safe and feasible for treatment of IVCTT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and surgical resectability can be judged according to the classification of tumor thrombus.

Concomitant lung metastasis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)patients presenting with lung metastasis at initial diagnosis. METHODS:Between 2001 and 2010,we recruited 76 consecutive HCC patients initially presenting with lung metastasis,without co-existing metastasis from other sites.These patients were divided into three groups:untreated group(n=22),single treatment group(n= 19),and combined treatment group(n=35). RESULTS:Metastasis of bilateral lung lobes was common and noted in 35 patients(46.1%),and most of patients(59/76,77.6%)presented with multiple lung metastatic nodules.Nineteen patients(25.0%) received single-method treatment,including hepatectomy in 4,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in 6,radiotherapy in 5,and oral sorafenib in 4.Thirty-five patients(46.1%)received combined treatment modalities.The overall median survival of the all patients was 8.7±0.6 mo;4.1±0.3,6.3±2.5 and 18.6±3.9 mo, respectively in the untreated group,single treatment group and combined treatment group,respectively, with a significant difference(log-rank test,P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that Child-Pugh score, the absence or presence of portal vein tumor thrombus,and treatment modality were three independent prognostic factors affecting survival of patients with advanced HCC and concomitant lung metastasis. CONCLUSION:Combined treatment modalities tend to result in a better survival as compared with the conservative treatment or single treatment modality for HCC patients initially presenting with lung metastasis.

Design of NO2 photoacoustic sensor with high reflective mirror based on low power blue diode laser

An NO2 photoacoustic sensor system with a high reflective mirror based on a low power blue diode laser is developed in this work. The excitation power is enhanced by increasing the number of reflections. Comparing with a traditional photoacoustic system, the pool constant is improved from 300.24(Pa·cm)/W to 1450.64(Pa·cm)/W, and the signal sensitivity of the photoacoustic sensor is increased from 0.016 μV/ppb to 0.2562 μV/ppb. The characteristics of temperature and humidity of the new photoacoustic sensor are also obtained, and the algorithm is adjusted to provide a quantitative response and drift of the resonance frequency. The results of this research provide a new method and concept for further developing the NO2 photoacoustic sensors.

An Web Client System Design and Implementation for IOS Platform

For current physical examination and medical institutions, the majority of Medical projects need a long time to get the result, this wastes user too much time. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a program to achieve viewing the results of examination anytime or anywhere with the help of cell phone applications software. The program proposed to solve the problem that user have to wait for the medical test results for a long time and cause the time waste, compared to the programs which using e-mail, SMS and mailing report card to inform the user the results, this one is to be more efficient, while also better meet user and medical institutions’ requirements. In addition, in order to test the practicality and feasibility of the program, with IOS devices as the material basis, this paper constructs a Web client system, based on the GPRS technology, we can realize the data communications between the Web server and a client which is the workbench IOS devices. Through testing, we can proof this Web client system has certain practical and development value, with the physical examination institutions become popular gradually, I believe that this design ideas of the system will be used extensively in the medical system, and also will bring a person more convenient.

Scheduling algorithms for time-constrained big-le transfers in the Internet of Vehicles

In order to transfer large les and provide high-quality services in the IoV(Internet of Vehicles),intelligent routing and scheduling are indispensable for fast transfers and effcient network utilization,particularly when multi-path routing is allowed in the wired-transfer.Thus,a network administrator must select a set of feasible paths over which the transfer can be conducted.We consider a TBTS(Time-constrained Big-le Transfer Scheduling)problem in this paper.We prove that TBTS problem is NP-hard and that the TBTS problem can be solved by addressing a corresponding maximum ow over time problem with multi-path routing technique.We then propose both a heuristic algorithm(TBTS-H)and an exact algorithm(TBTS-A)to solve the TBTS problem.Although both of the proposed approaches can solve the TBTS problem,the heuristic runs more effciently by trading accuracy for delay,while the exact algorithm can achieve high accuracy for delay,at the cost of increased running-time.The corresponding simulation results illustrate this trade-o.Additionally,we conduct some comparisons between our proposed approaches and a traditional single-path routing scheme.

Effects of rapamycin against paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

Background and aims： Ingestion of paraquat （PQ）, a widely used herbicide, can cause severe toxicity in humans, leading to a poor survival rate and prognosis. One of the main causes of death by PQ is PQ-induced pul- monary fibrosis, for which there are no effective therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ra- pamycin （PAPA） on inhibiting PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and to explore its possible mechanisms. Methods： Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either saline （control group） or PQ （10 mg/kg body weight, intraper- itoneally; test group）. The test group was divided into four subgroups： a PQ group （PQ-exposed, non-treated）, a PQ＋RAPA group （PQ-exposed, treated with RAPA at I mg/kg intragastrically）, a PQ＋MP group （PQ-exposed, treated with methylprednisolone （MP） at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally）, and a PQ＋MP＋RAPA group （PQ-exposed, treated with MP at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally and with PAPA at 1 mg/kg intragastrically）. The survival rate and body weight of all the mice were recorded every day. Three mice in each group were sacrificed at 14 d and the rest at 28 d after intox- ication. Lung tissues were excised and stained with hematoxylin-eosin （H＆E） and Masson＇s trichrome stain for his- topathological analysis. The hydroxyproline （HYP） content in lung tissues was detected using an enzyme-linked im- munosorbent assay （ELISA） kit. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Results： A mice model of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was established. Histological examination of lung tissues showed that PAPA treatment moderated the pathological changes of pulmonary fibrosis, including alveolar collapse and interstitial collagen depo- sition. HYP content in lung tissues increased soon after PQ intoxication but had decreased significantly by the 28th day after PAPA treatment. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting showed that PAPA treatment significantly down-regulated the enhanced levels of TGF-β1 and e-SMA in lung tissues caused by PQ exposure. However, PAPA treatment alone could not significantly ameliorate the lower survival rate and weight loss of treated mice. MP treatment enhanced the survival rate, but had no significant effects on attenuating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis or reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and a-SMA. Conclusions： This study demonstrates that PAPA treatment effectively suppresses PQ-induced alveolar collapse and collagen deposition in lung tissues through reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and a-SMA. Thus, RAPA has potential value in the treatment of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Observations of N2O5 and NO3 at a suburban environment in Yangtze River Delta in China: Estimating heterogeneous N2O5 uptake coefficients

The nitrate radical(NO3)and dinitrogen pentoxide(N2.5)play an important role in the nocturnal atmosphere chemistry.Observations of N03 radicals and N2 O5 were performed in a semirural ground site at Tai’Zhou in polluted southern China using cavity ring down spectroscopy(CRDS)from 23 May to 15 June 2018.The observed N03 and N2 O5 concentrations were relatively low,with 1 min average value of 4.4±2.2 and 26.0±35.7 pptV,respectively.The N2 O5 uptake coefficient was determined to be from 0.027 to 0.107 based on steady state lifetime method.Fast N2 O5 hydrolysis was the largest contributor to the loss of NO3 and contributed to substantial nitrate formation,with an average value of 14.83±6.01μg/m3.Further analysis shows that the N2 O5 heterogeneous reactions dominated the nocturnal NOx loss and the nocturnal NOx loss rate is 0.14±0.02 over this region.

Nocturnal atmospheric chemistry of NO_(3) and N_(2)O_(5) over Changzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in China

Comprehensive observations of the nocturnal atmospheric oxidation of NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)were conducted at a suburban site in Changzhou in the YRD using cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS)from 27 May to 24 June,2019.High concentrations of NO_(3)precursors were observed,and the nocturnal production rate of NO_(3)was determined to be 1.7±1.2 ppbv/hr.However,the nighttime NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)concentrations were relatively low,with maximum values of 17.7 and 304.7 pptv,respectively,illustrating the rapid loss ofNO_(3)andN_(2)O_(5).Itwas found that NO_(3)dominated the nighttime atmospheric oxidation,accounting for 50.7%,whileO3 andOH only contributed 34.1%and 15.2%,respectively.For the reactions of NO_(3)with volatile organic compounds(VOCs),styrenewas found to account for 60.3%,highlighting its dominant role in the NO_(3)reactivity.In general,the contributions of the reactions between NO_(3)and VOCs and the N_(2)O_(5)uptake to NO_(3)losswere found to be about 39.5%and 60.5%,respectively,indicating that N_(2)O_(5)uptake also played an important role in the loss of NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5),especially under the high humidity conditions in China.The formation of nitrate at night mainly originated from N_(2)O_(5)uptake,and the maximum production rate of NO_(3)^(-)reached 6.5 ppbv/hr.The average NOx consumption rate via NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)chemistry was found to be 0.4 ppbv/h,accounting for 47.9%of the total NO_(x)removal.The predominant roles of NO_(3)and N_(2)O_(5)in nitrate formation and NO_(x)removal in the YRD region was highlighted in this study.

Formation of CMK-3/Co_3O_4 nanosheets on nickel foam with markedly enhanced pseudocapacitive properties

Composites of mesoporous carbon（CMK-3） and Co3 O4 nanosheets grown on nickel foam were successfully synthesized by a simple route. A bare Co3 O4 film was synthesized for comparison. With the addition of CMK-3, the Co3 O4 nanoparticles self-organize and agglomerate into nanosheets, showing a significant influence by CMK-3 on the morphology. The CMK-3/Co3 O4 exhibits an optimal specific capacitance of 1131.3 Fg^（-1） in 3 mol L-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte at 0.5 Ag-1, and a retention ratio of 91% over3000 cycles, both being much higher than that achieved from the bare Co3 O4 film（727 Fg^（-1） of specific capacitance, and 82% capacitance retention ratio）, indicating that the CMK-3/Co3 O4 nanosheets are very promising as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Protective effect of indomethacin in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

Objective： To evaluate the renoprotection effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury （IRI） and the cyclooxygenase （COX）-1/2 blockade association by indomethacin （IMT） in the mice model. Methods： After the left renal pedicle of mice was clamped, IMT was administrated by intraperitoneal injection with four doses： 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg. Blood and kidney samples were collected 24 h after IRI. The renal functions were assayed by the cytokines and serum creatinine （SCr） using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits. Kidney samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） and immunohistochemistry stainings. Results： The mice administered with 5 mg/kg IMT had a marked reduction in SCr and significantly less tubular damage The tumor necrosis factor a （TNF-α） activity in renal homogenates and interleukin 6 （IL-6） activity in serum had a marked reduction at doses of 5 and 7 mg/kg IMT. The administration of 3 and 5 mg/kg IMT had a marked reduction in the ratio of thromboxane B2 to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α. COX-1 and COX-2 stainings were weaker in 5 mg/kg IMT groups than that in the other groups. Conclusions： There was a dose response in the IMT function of renal IRI in mice, and IMT had a protective effect in a certain dose range. The effect of IMT on mice IRI was related to COX-1/2 blockades.

Shift in the percolation threshold of compressed composites—A 3D Monte Carlo simulation

The shift in the percolation threshold of compressed composites was studied by a 3D continuum percolation model. A Monte Carlo (MC) method was employed in the simulations. The percolation threshold was found to rise with the compression strain, which captures the basic trend in compression-induced conductivity variation from the experiments. Both fiber bending and texture formation contribute to the percolation threshold. The results suggest that fillers with a high aspect ratio are more desirable for sensor and electrical switch applications.

改良式多焦软性角膜接触镜矫正老视的视觉效果

目的:探讨改良式多焦点软性角膜接触镜(多焦软镜)和单光软性角膜接触镜(单焦软镜)联合验配方式矫正老视的视觉效果。方法:前瞻性研究。于2018年1—12月在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院招募20例老视观察对象(老视度数+1.00~+2.00 D),分别按多焦法(双眼配戴多焦软镜)、单眼视法(一眼配戴远用单焦软镜,一眼配戴近用单焦软镜)和改良法(主视眼配戴单焦软镜,非主视眼配戴多焦软镜)3种方法验配角膜接触镜。每种方法配戴1周,间隔1周作为洗脱期,分析选用单光框架眼镜和3种接触镜矫正方法矫正下的观察对象双眼远、中、近距离100%及10%的双眼对比度视力(后文中视力均为双眼视力),同时采用VFQ-25汉化版视觉质量量表评估视觉效果。通过单因素方差分析不同方法下视力的差异。结果:在远距视力对比中,多焦法视力低于单光框架眼镜(t=3.91,P=0.001)和改良法(t=2.94,P=0.008)。在50 cm处100%和10%对比度时,多焦法(100%:t=-4.76,P<0.001;10%:t=-4.22,P<0.001)、单眼视法(100%:t=-3.50,P=0.002;10%:t=-4.76,P<0.001)和改良法视力(100%:t=-4.22,P<0.001;10%:t=-3.90,P=0.001)均高于单光框架眼镜;在30 cm处100%和10%对比度时,多焦法(100%:t=-4.36,P<0.001;10%:t=-5.48,P<0.001)、单眼视法(100%:t=-7.43,P<0.001;10%:t=-4.03,P=0.001)和改良法(100%:t=-5.67,P<0.001;10%:t=-3.93,P=0.001)视力均高于单光框架眼镜。所有观察对象中有1例认为单光框架眼镜最佳,7例认为多焦法最佳,2例认为单眼视法最佳,10例认为改良法最佳。结论:联合多焦法和单眼视法的改良验配方法能很好地矫正老视,提供不弱于单眼视法和多焦法的视觉效果,更容易被老视患者接受。

An Intelligent Data Routing Scheme for Multi-UAV Avionics System Based on Integrated Communication Effectiveness

The rapid development of information technology promotes the transformation and development of future air combat,frommechanization to informatization,intelligence,and multiplatform integration.For the multiplatform avionics system in the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based network,we aim to address the data routing and sharing issues and propose an integrated communication effectiveness metric.The proposed integrated communication effectiveness is a hierarchical metric consisting of link effectiveness,node effectiveness,and data effectiveness.The link quality,link stability,node honesty,node ability,and data value are concurrently taken into account.We give the normal mathematical expression for the integrated communication effectiveness.We propose a hop-by-hop routing scheme based on a Q-learning algorithm considering the proposed effectiveness metric.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to find the most efficient routing in the UAV network.